|  | Full Study | Carotid Lesions: |  | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Sample | Present | Absent |  |
 |  | N = 7956 | N = 2955 | N = 5001 | p-value |
Age, years (mean (SD)) | 54.0 (5.7) | 55.7 (5.5) | 53.0 (5.6) | <0.0001 | |
Male Gender (%) | 43.4 | 52 | 38.3 | <0.0001 | |
Black race (%) | 22.6 | 21.1 | 23.4 | 0.02 | |
Smoker (%) | Current | 25.6 | 31.7 | 21.9 | <0.0001 |
 | Former | 31.4 | 34.2 | 29.8 |  |
 | Never | 43.0 | 34.2 | 48.3 |  |
Cigarette years* (mean (SD)) | 660 (418) | 735 (449) | 596 (379) | <0.0001 | |
Drinker (%) | Current | 58.5 | 58.6 | 58.4 | 0.0002 |
 | Former | 17.3 | 19.3 | 16.1 |  |
 | Never | 24.2 | 22.0 | 25.4 |  |
Ethanol, grams/week†(mean (SD)) | 72 (111) | 79 (125) | 60 (102) | <0.0001 | |
Diabetes (%) | 8.8 | 10.3 | 7.9 | 0.0002 | |
Hypertension medication (%) | 24.6 | 36.5 | 26.8 | <0.0001 | |
Cholesterol medication (%) | 2.8 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 0.011 | |
Body Mass Index (mean (SD)) | 26.7 (4.6) | 26.5 (4.4) | 26.8 (4.7) | 0.0032 | |
Systolic BP, mm Hg (mean (SD)) | 120 (18) | 123 (19) | 118 (17) | <0.0001 | |
Diastolic BP, mm Hg (mean (SD)) | 72.7 (10.9) | 73.0 (11.0) | 72.6 (10.9) | 0.146 | |
LDL-C, mmol/L (mean (SD)) | 3.53 (1.00) | 3.69 (0.98) | 3.44 (1.01) | <0.0001 | |
HDL-C, mmol/L (mean (SD)) | 1.38 (0.45) | 1.32 (0.43) | 1.41 (0.46) | <0.0001 | |
Fibrinogen, mg/dL (mean (SD)) | 298 (63) | 305 (64) | 294 (62) | <0.0001 | |
White blood count, 1000s/μL (mean (SD)) | 6.0 (1.9) | 6.3 (2.0) | 5.9 (1.8) | <0.0001 | |
Blood glucose, mg/dL (mean (SD)) | 105 (33) | 107 (36) | 104 (31) | <0.0001 | |
Sport index (mean (SD)) | 2.47 (0.80) | 2.48 (0.79) | 2.47 (0.81) | 0.34 | |
Standing height, cm (mean (SE)) ‡ | 168.5 (0.1) | 169 (0.11) | 169.6 (0.09) | <0.0001 | |
RCCA measures (mean (SE)) § |  |  |  |  | |
   Intima-medial thickness (mm) | 0.65 (0.002) | 0.71 (0.003) | 0.63 (0.002) | <0.0001 | |
   Diameter (mm) | 7.72 (0.01) | 7.94 (0.01) | 7.65 (0.01) | <0.0001 | |
   Circular wall area (mm2) | 14.6 (0.05) | 16.2 (0.08) | 13.9 (0.06) | <0.0001 | |
   Elliptical wall area (mm2) | 20.9 (0.06) | 22.8 (0.09) | 20.1 (0.07) | <0.0001 |