Supernormal functional reserve of apical segments in elite soccer players: an ultrasound speckle tracking handgrip stress study

Table 3 Echocardiographic parameters of athletes and controls

	Athletes		P	Controls		p
	rest	HG		rest	HG
IVSmm	9.27 ± 0.93	9.7 ± 1	ns	8.55 ± 1.2	9.1 ± 1	ns
PWmm	9.17 ± 0.89	10.1 ± 0.8	ns	8.64 ± 1.3	9.8 ± 0.9	ns
LVEDdmm	50.37 ± 4.11	49.2 ± 3	ns	49.63 ± 4.43	48.5 ± 3	ns
LVESdmm	32.25 ± 3.53	31.4 ± 3	ns	28.45 ± 4.18	29.5 ± 3	ns
CMI gr/m2	101.54 ± 2	100.21 ± 1	ns	92.100 ± 1	91.200 ± 1	ns
LA mm	35.12 ± 1.2	34 ± 2.3	ns	36.10 ± 1.3	36.80 ± 1.0	ns
IVRT ms	81.0 ± 7.4	83.6 ± 6.4	ns	85.0 ± 4.0	86.6 ± 3.0	ns
DT ms	190.5 ± 13.4	178.5 ± 12.2	ns	170.4 ± 13.5	180.4 ± 12.0	ns
E/A	1.4 ± 0.3	1.33 ± 0.9	ns	1.3 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.7	ns
EF %	58 ± 2	60 ± 2	ns	57 ± 4	58 ± 3	ns

IVS interventricular septum; PW posterior wall; LVEDd Left Ventricle End Diastolic diameter; LVESd Left Ventricle End Systolic diameter; CMI Cardiac Mass Index; LA :Left Atrium; IVRT Iso Volumetric Relaxation Time; DT Deceleration Time; E/A E-wave A-wave peak velocity ratio; EF Ejection Fraction; HR Heart Rate ; SP Systolic Pressure; DP Diastolic Pressure.
The table shows the values of the main echocardiographic systolic and diastolic parameters at rest and after HG in athletes and controls. No statistical differences are evident.

ISSN: 1476-7120