Figure 6
From: Tissue Doppler and strain imaging: anything left in the echo-lab?
Example of non-invasive estimation of left ventricular filling pressures in a patient with severe systolic left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF 31%; upper right panel). Note the mitral inflow pattern consisted with abnormal relaxation (upper left panel). Only an elevated E/Em ratio > 15 allows for identification of elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) as confirmed by invasive haemodynamic study (see arrow).