Table 2 Factors modulating doses in cardiac catheterization lab
From: The Radiation Issue in Cardiology: the time for action is now
| Â | Â | Lower doses | Higher doses |
|---|---|---|---|
OPERATOR-DEPENDENT | Operator background | Expert | Beginner |
| Â | Cath-lab director | Radiation aware and conscious | Not radiation aware and conscious |
| Â | Written records | Includes KAP | Omits KAP |
| Â | Arterial Approach | Trans-Femoral | Trans-Radial |
| Â | Pulsed Fluoroscopy | Low rate (12.5/s) | High rate (25/s) |
| Â | Patient to image intensifier or flat panel distance | As small as possible | Large |
| Â | Ventriculography | No | Yes |
| Â | Cine-duration | Short | Long |
| Â | Magnified views | Few | Many |
| Â | Projection | Ant, RAO | Lateral, LAO |
| Â | Dose audit | Yes | No |
PATIENT-DEPENDENT | Body habitus | Lean | Obese |
| Â | Coronary lesion to be dilated | Simple and single | Complex and multiple |
| Â | Arrhythmic lesion to be ablated | Supraventricular tachycardia | Atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia |
TECHNOLOGY | X-ray system | Inspected for QC and maintained | Not tested for QC and not maintained |