|  | Control (n = 30) | A (n = 30) | B (n = 31) | C (n = 31) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Age, y | 50.3 ± 8.4 | 51.5 ± 6.0 | 49.4 ± 3.7 | 52.3 ± 7.6 |
 | BSA, m2 | 1.56 ± 0.26 | 1.62 ± 0.13 | 1.53 ± 0.34 | 1.66 ± 0.23 |
 | BMI, kg/m2 | 26.2 ± 2.8 | 25 .4 ± 3.3 | 26.4 ± 1.9 | 26.1 ± 2.1 |
 | SBP, mmHg | 129.4 ± 6.2 | 120.5 ± 11.7 | 125.3 ± 5.8 | 131.5 ± 6.7 |
 | DBP, mmHg | 77.3 ± 5.2 | 79.5 ± 5.2 | 78.2 ± 5.0 | 80 .3 ± 5.2 |
 | HR, bpm | 68.5 ± 3.4 | 70.5 ± 5.6 | 62.5 ± 5.3 | 67.5 ± 2.6 |
LV parameters | LVEF, % | 61.20 ± 2.86 | 60.65 ± 3.03 | 58.25 ± 5.64 | 42.15 ± 6.77a,b,c |
 | FS, % | 34.6 ± 1.02 | 33.4 ± 2.71 | 30.2 ± 3.43 | 21.6 ± 1.25a,b,c |
 | LVDD, mm | 47.46 ± 2.22 | 48.94 ± 3.40 | 49.40 ± 4.45 | 60.04 ± 3.61a,b,c |
 | LVDs, mm | 31.01 ± 4.47 | 32.70 ± 4.06 | 33.37 ± 4.19 | 44.28 ± 4.83a,b,c |
 | IVSd, mm | 9.47 ± 0.62 | 9.53 ± 0.34 | 9.84 ± 0.86 | 12.01 ± 0.45a,b,c |
 | PWd, mm | 9.30 ± 0.61 | 9.37 ± 0.50 | 9.79 ± 0.88 | 11.76 ± 0.30a,b,c |