Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort
From: Prevalence, one-year-incidence and predictors of carcinoid heart disease
Overall cohort (n = 47) | Neuroendocrine tumours without carcinoid syndrome (n = 17) | Carcinoid syndrome only (n = 24) | Carcinoid heart disease at baseline (n = 3) | Carcinoid heart disease developed during follow-up (n = 3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex, n (%) | 26 (55) | 8 (47) | 15 (63) | 1 (33) | 2 (67) |
Age (IQR), years | 61 (29–81) | 56 (29–80) | 64 (32–81) | 65 (55–76) | 63 (57–71) |
Localization of the tumour | |||||
Terminal ileum, n (%) | 33 (70) | 13 (76) | 15 (63) | 3 (100) | 2 (67) |
Small intestine, n (%) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Caecum/ appendix, n (%) | 4 (9) | 2 (12) | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Cancer of unknown primary, n (%) | 6 (13) | 2 (12) | 4 (17) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Lung, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) |
Unknown, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Metastasis | |||||
Liver, n (%) | 35 (74) | 11 (65) | 18 (75) | 3 (100) | 3 (100) |
Lymph nodes, n (%) | 21 (45) | 6 (35) | 14 (58) | 1 (33) | 0 (0) |
Bone, n (%) | 9 (19) | 4 (24) | 2 (8) | 2 (67) | 1 (33) |
Retroperitoneal, n (%) | 3 (6) | 0 (0) | 3 (13) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Other, n (%) | 15 (32) | 8 (47) | 4 (17) | 1 (33) | 2 (67) |
None, n (%) | 4 (9) | 1 (6) | 3 (13) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Grading | |||||
G1, n (%) | 22 (47) | 8 (47) | 12 (50) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) |
G2, n (%) | 22 (47) | 8 (47) | 10 (42) | 2 (67) | 2 (67) |
G3, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Unknown, n (%) | 3 (6) | 1 (6) | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Ki67% | |||||
< 2%, n (%) | 20 (43) | 5 (29) | 13 (54) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) |
3–10%, n (%) | 14 (30) | 6 (35) | 7 (29) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) |
> 10%, n (%) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Unknown, n (%) | 11 (23) | 6 (35) | 3 (13) | 1 (33) | 1 (33) |
5-HIAA (IQR), µmol/24 h | 106 (61–433) (n = 45) | 65 (28–99) (n = 16) | 189 (68–373) (n = 23) | Patient 1: 493; Patient 2: 2662; Patient 3: 558 | Patient 4: 1836; Patient 5: 4945; Patient 6: 542 |
Cg A (IQR), ng/ml | 198 (102–681) (n = 44) | 86 (43–155) (n = 16) | 243 (155–758) (n = 22) | Patient 1: 2129; Patient 2: 548; Patient 3: 4796 | Patient 4: 1801; Patient 5: 3165; Patient 6: 6780 |
Therapy | |||||
Surgical treatment, n (%) | 29 (62) | 15 (88) | 13 (54) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) |
Watch and wait, n (%) | 2 (4) | 1 (6) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Somatostatin analogues, n (%) | 41 (87) | 13 (76) | 22 (91) | 3 (100) | 3 (100) |
Chemotherapy, n (%) | 1 (2) | 1 (6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Everolimus, n (%) | 4 (9) | 2 (12) | 1(4) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) |
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, n (%) | 7 (15) | 1 (6) | 4 (17) | 0 (0) | 2 (67) |
Others, n (%) | 8 (17) | 2 (12) | 6 (25) | 0 (0) | 1 (33) |