Cardiac dimensions and hemodynamics in healthy juvenile Landrace swine

Table 5 Aortic and Mitral valve diameters and function in swine vs. human reference

	Landrace Swine N = 10			Human Reference
Parameter	Mean	± SD	Range	Range
*Aortic Valve*
Annulus diameter (mm)	24.6	± 1.9	21.4–27.6	20–31^c
Opening area (cm²)	5.2	± 0.8	4.2–6.7	2.3–4.1^g
Peak velocity (m/s)	1.4	± 0.3	1.0–1.9	≤ 1.0^h
VTI (cm)	26.7	± 4.3	20.3–33.7	17–34ⁱ
LCC-Commissure (mm)	29.7	± 2.5	24.9–33.3
NCC-Commissure (mm)	30.5	± 2.5	27.1–35.1
RCC-Commissure (mm)	27.9	± 2.4	23.7–31.1
*Mitral Valve*
E/A ratio	1.5	± 0.3	0.7–2.2	≥ 0.8^j
Peak velocity (m/s)	1.3	± 0.4	0.5–1.9	0.6–0.8^j
Deceleration time (ms)	145	± 31	102–190	150–240^j
Anteroposterior diameter (mm)	25.8	± 4.9	19.9–36.1	25–38^k
Intercommissural diameter (mm)	45.2	± 3.0	39.9–50.1	28–42^k

AV Aortic valve, LCC Left coronary cusp, NCC Non-coronary cusp, RCC Right coronary cusp, VTI Velocity time integral
^cEvangelista et al. [16]
^gPollick et al. [17]
^hChaothawee et al. [18]
ⁱCotella et al. [19]. Values are presented for females
^jNagueh et al. [20]
^kDwivedi et al. [21]. Values are presented for females

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