Table 3 Indications to PFO Closure
From: Percutaneous treatment of patients with heart diseases: selection, guidance and follow-up. A review
CLINICAL INDICATIONS | CLINICAL CONTRAINDICATIONS | ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC INDICATIONS | ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC CONTRAINDICATIONS |
|---|---|---|---|
Cryptogenic Strokes Migraine with Aura + Thrombophylia and/or Peripheral Venous Thrombosis and/or Previous History of Paradoxical Embolism | Severe Pulmonary Hypertension Recent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Controndications to Antiplatelet or Anticoagulant Therapy Infection at the Time of Implantation | Atrial Septal Aneurysm and/or Large Size of PFO (≥ 4 mm) and/or Long Tunnel of PFO (≥ 1 cm) and/or Severe Right to Left Shunting (> 30 Bubles) and/or Shunting at Rest | Other Congenital Heart Defects Eustachian valve and ChiariNetwork |