| | |
Control
|
Adrenaline
| |
Beta blockade
| |
|---|
|
Apnea measurement
|
|
HR
|
(bpm)
|
125 ± 19
|
147 ± 29
| |
101 ± 12
| |
|
SV
|
(mL)
|
60 ± 9
|
65 ± 26
| |
50 ± 17
|
#
|
|
CO
|
(L/min)
|
7.4 ± 1.3
|
9.3 ± 3.8
| |
5.0 ± 1.7
|
#
|
|
Ves
|
(mL)
|
40.9 ± 4.4
|
37.8 ± 15.3
| |
55.8 ± 10.4
|
#
|
|
Ved
|
(mL)
|
96.5 ± 8.4
|
100.3 ± 31.9
| |
101.6 ± 22.6
| |
|
Pes
|
(mm Hg)
|
119.0 ± 7.4
|
121.8 ± 5.1
| |
106.7 ± 16.0
| |
|
Ped
|
(mm Hg)
|
15.6 ± 5.2
|
15.8 ± 6.7
| |
19.6 ± 5.7
| |
|
dPdt max
|
(mm Hg/s)
|
2830 ± 430
|
5483 ± 14
|
#
|
1726 ± 594
|
#
|
|
EF
|
(%)
|
62.0 ± 6.1
|
64.9 ± 14.0
| |
47.7 ± 8.0
|
#
|
|
SW
|
(mm Hg mL)
|
6744 ± 1054
|
8254 ± 3061
| |
4608 ± 1858
|
#
|
|
dPdt min
|
(mm Hg/s)
|
−2889 ± 193
|
−3483 ± 680
| |
−2051 ± 553
| |
|
Tau
|
(ms)
|
33.9 ± 4.8
|
24.5 ± 2.2
|
#
|
48.6 ± 25.9
| |
|
PHT
|
(ms)
|
20.8 ± 2.4
|
15.6 ± 2.1
|
#
|
32.0 ± 14.6
|
#
|
|
PWRmax
|
(mm Hg mL/s)
|
50210 ± 9173
|
72286 ± 30668
| |
35756 ± 10130
|
#
|
|
PWRmax/EDV2
| |
5.46 ± 1.15
|
8.30 ± 4.24
| |
3.62 ± 0.94
|
#
|
|
dPdt/EDV
|
(mm Hg/s/mL)
|
29.7 ± 5.8
|
63.1 ± 29.5
|
#
|
18.0 ± 9.8
|
#
|
|
VCBO measurement
|
|
Ees
|
(mm Hg/mL)
|
0.95 ± 0.32
|
1.65 ± 1.00
|
#
|
1.03 ± 0.61
| |
|
PRSW
|
(mm Hg)
|
83.4 ± 12.5
|
100.1 ± 28.5
| |
56.6 ± 18.3
|
#
|
- HR = heart rate; SV = stroke volume; CO = cardiac output; Ves = end-systolic volume; Ved = end-diastolic volume; Pes = end-systolic pressure; Ped = end-diastolic pressure; dPdt max = maximal rate of pressure increase; EF = ejection fraction; SW = stroke work; Tau = isovolumic relaxation time constant; PHT = pressure half time during diastole: dPdt min = maximal rate of pressure decrease; PWRmax = maximal power; Ees = end-systolic elastance; PRSW = preload recruitable stroke work. Data are presented as mean ± 95% confidence intervals, n = 7. # = p < 0.05 using Wilcoxons Signed Rank test vs. Control.
