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Table 3 Echocardiographic parameters during vena cava occlusion

From: Left ventricular twist is load-dependent as shown in a large animal model with controlled cardiac load

CONTROL

 

First beat

Last beat

 

Twist_AVC

(deg)

9.71 ± 2.53

13.07 ± 3.72

#

Twist_MAX

(deg)

11.67 ± 2.65

16.17 ± 3.56

#

Rot_AVC apex

(deg)

7.00 ± 2.01

8.86 ± 3.92

 

Rot_AVC base

(deg)

−1.57 ± 2.65

−3.61 ± 3.02

#

Rot_Max apex

(deg)

8.10 ± 2.29

10.70 ± 3.17

 

Rot_AVC base

(deg)

−2.40 ± 3.28

−5.47 ± 2.58

#

IVR_Diff

(deg)

0.61 ± 1.44

4.71 ± 3.10

#

Rot_rate

(deg/s)

−41.7 ± 41.6

−122.6 ± 55.8

#

ADRENALINE

Twist_AVC

(deg)

8.23 ± 4.06

12.13 ± 3.55

#

Twist_MAX

(deg)

12.56 ± 5.10

16.57 ± 4.60

#

Rot_AVC apex

(deg)

4.00 ± 3.35

7.33 ± 3.32

#

Rot_AVC base

(deg)

−4.23 ± 2.86

−1.80 ± 5.03

 

Rot_Max apex

(deg)

7.51 ± 3.75

10.66 ± 3.39

 

Rot_AVC base

(deg)

−5.24 ± 3.37

−5.91 ± 2.51

 

IVR_Diff

(deg)

1.08 ± 0.93

2.54 ± 1.73

 

Rot_rate

(deg/s)

−55.3 ± 13.8

−111.4 ± 24.0

#

BETA-BLOCKADE

Twist_AVC

(deg)

9.33 ± 4.52

11.67 ± 5.46

 

Twist_MAX

(deg)

10.60 ± 4.66

13.51 ± 5.74

 

Rot_AVC apex

(deg)

7.19 ± 4.61

6.04 ± 5.35

 

Rot_AVC base

(deg)

−1.46 ± 1.60

−4.01 ± 3.06

 

Rot_Max apex

(deg)

7.81 ± 4.08

7.14 ± 5.69

 

Rot_AVC base

(deg)

−2.53 ± 2.15

−5.14 ± 3.58

 

IVR_Diff

(deg)

1.07 ± 1.42

2.53 ± 3.85

 

Rot_rate

(deg/s)

−53.1 ± 40.5

−48.3 ± 46.5

 
  1. Twist AVC- net difference of LV rotation between apical and basal short axis planes at aortic valve closure; Twist Max- maximal LV rotation difference; Rot AVC apex- rotation at apical short axis plane at aortic valve closure; Rot AVC base- rotation at basal short axis plane at aortic valve closure; Rot Max apex- maximal rotation at apical short axis plane; Rot Max base-maximal rotation at basal short axis plane; IVR Diff- difference in untwisting under IVR period; Rot rate- untwisting rate under IVR period. Data are presented as mean ± 95% confidence intervals, n = 7. # = p < 0.05 using Wilcoxon’s Signed Rank test vs. first beat.