Table 1 Population characteristics at baseline
From: Atrial fibrillation in aortic stenosis - echocardiographic assessment and prognostic importance
CONTROLS | CASES | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aortic stenosis & sinus rhythm | Aortic stenosis & atrial fibrillation | ||||
Age , years | 78 | (73–84) | 78 | (73–84) | 0.96 |
Male gender, n (%) | 70 | (68) | 70 | (68) | 1.00 |
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 25.7 | (22.3–28.1) | 25.5 | (22.3–27.5) | 0.65 |
Body Surface Area, m2 | 1.88 | (1.76–2.06) | 1.89 | (1.75–2.06) | 0.90 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 68 | (63–77) | 81 | (73–96) | <0.001 |
Cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities | |||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 57 | (57) | 55 | (55) | 0.78 |
Smoking (previous or current), n (%) | 57 | (64) | 65 | (72) | 0.24 |
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | 5 | (5) | 13 | (16) | 0.02 |
Diabetes (Type I or II), n (%) | 22 | (21) | 25 | (24) | 0.62 |
Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 47 | (49) | 46 | (46) | 0.63 |
Stroke, n (%) | 15 | (15) | 14 | (15) | 0.94 |
Ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | 27 | (26) | 34 | (33) | 0.29 |
Familiar disposition, n (%) | 14 | (18) | 16 | (22) | 0.49 |
Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 22 | (21) | 17 | (17) | 0.38 |
Medication | |||||
β-blockers, n (%) | 37 | (41) | 58 | (58) | 0.02 |
Calcium-antagonists, n (%) | 21 | (23) | 22 | (22) | 0.83 |
ACE-inhibitors and/or Angiotensin-II-receptor-antagonists, n (%) | 42 | (47) | 38 | (38) | 0.23 |
Diuretics (any kind), n (%) | 46 | (51) | 65 | (65) | 0.05 |
Loop-diuretics, n (%) | 19 | (21) | 51 | (51) | <0.001 |
Thiazides, n (%) | 27 | (30) | 15 | (15) | 0.013 |
Potassium-sparing diuretics, n (%) | 6 | (7) | 9 | (9) | 0.55 |
Insuline, n (%) | 11 | (12) | 3 | (3) | 0.02 |
Oral antidiabetics, n (%) | 10 | (11) | 14 | (14) | 0.55 |
Statins, n (%) | 51 | (57) | 48 | (48) | 0.23 |
Aspirin, n (%) | 57 | (63) | 50 | (50) | 0.06 |
Inhaled Medications (glucocorticoids/anticholinergics/β2-agonists), n (%) | 9 | (10) | 11 | (11) | 0.82 |
Warfarin, n (%) | 5 | (6) | 59 | (59) | <0.001 |
Digoxin, n (%) | 0 | 45 | (45) | <0.001 | |
Amiodarone, n (%) | 0 | 2 | (2) | 0.18 | |
Operative risk calculations | |||||
Additive EuroSCORE | 8 | (7–10) | 9 | (7–10) | 0.05 |
Additive EuroSCORE without LV dysfunction | 7 | (6–9) | 7 | (6–9) | 0.39 |
Symptoms | |||||
Symptoms (angina pectoris, dyspnea, dizziness, syncope), n (%) | 75 | (77) | 87 | (86) | 0.08 |
Angina pectoris, n (%) | 43 | (43) | 28 | (28) | 0.02 |
Dyspnea, n (%) | 59 | (63) | 80 | (80) | 0.008 |
Dizziness, n (%) | 12 | (13) | 17 | (17) | 0.41 |
Syncope, n (%) | 5 | (5) | 9 | (9) | 0.31 |