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Table 1 Reference ranges of left and right atrial indexed volumes (LAVI and RAVI) and of ejection fractions of both atria (LAEF and RAEF) obtained with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE).

From: Novel echocardiographic techniques to assess left atrial size, anatomy and function

RT3DE

Males

(n = 75)

Females

(n = 84)

Total Study Population (n = 159)

LAVI max (ml/m2)

15-42

15-39

15-41

LAVI min (ml/m2)

6-20

5-18

5-19

LAEF (%)

46-77

44-80

45-79

RAVI max (ml/m2)

18-50

17-41

18-47

RAVI min (ml/m2)

7-22

5-18

5-20

RAEF (%)

46-74

48-83

46-80

  1. [Modified from Aune et al. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009;10:738-44]