Total study population (N=1418) | Normal global LV load (N=1166) | High global LV load (N=252) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yrs) | 67±10 | 67±10 | 70±9 | <0.001 |
Female gender (%) | 39 | 37 | 45 | 0.015 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 145±20 | 146±20 | 155±21 | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 83±10 | 82±10 | 86±10 | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.9±4.3 | 26.7±4.2 | 27.4±4.5 | 0.053 |
Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 104±11 | 104±11 | 109±12 | <0.001 |
Pulse pressure (mmHg) | 65±18 | 64±18 | 70±19 | <0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 83 | 81 | 93 | <0.001 |
Heart rate (bmp) | 66±11 | 65±11 | 68±12 | 0.001 |
Antihypertensive treatment (%) | 57 | 55 | 60 | 0.078 |
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (%) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 0.933 |
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (%) | 11 | 11 | 10 | 0.737 |
Calcium Antagonist (%) | 17 | 16 | 19 | 0.213 |
Beta Blocker (%) | 28 | 27 | 32 | 0.126 |
Alpha Blocker | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0.006 |
LV mass index (g/m2.7) | 46.2±14.9 | 46.0±14.8 | 45.5±14.0 | 0.659 |
LV hypertrophy (%) | 37 | 37 | 36 | <0.001 |
Relative wall thickness (%) | 0.36±0.09 | 0.36±0.08 | 0.36±0.10 | 0.769 |
Normal LV geometry (%) | 57 | 55 | 57 | 0.658 |
Ejection fraction (%) | 66±7 | 67±6 | 66±7 | 0.014 |
Low ejection fraction (%) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0.064 |
Mitral regurgitation | ||||
Grade 1 (%) | 38 | 39 | 37 | 0.567 |
Grade 2(%) | 10 | 9 | 13 | 0.089 |
Grade 3 (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.418 |
Aortic regurgitation | ||||
Grade 1 (%) | 43 | 43 | 45 | 0.550 |
Grade 2(%) | 16 | 17 | 13 | 0.109 |
Grade 3 (%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.604 |
Aortic annulus (cm) | 2.19±0.26 | 2.24±0.26 | 1.98±0.20 | <0.001 |
Sinotubular aortic diameter (cm) | 2.81±0.44 | 2.83±0.44 | 2.73±0.42 | <0.001 |
Ascending aorta diameter (cm) | 3.92±0.58 | 3.93±0.58 | 3.88±0.54 | 0.250 |
Peak aortic jet velocity (m/s) | 3.08±0.54 | 3.07±0.53 | 3.13±0.56 | 0.131 |
Aortic valve area (cm2) | 1.27±0.45 | 1.37±0.45 | 0.86±0.25 | <0.001 |
Energy loss index | 0.90±0.47 | 0.98±0.47 | 0.55±0.20 | <0.001 |
Mean transaortic gradient (mmHg) | 23±9 | 22±9 | 24±9 | 0.026 |
Systemic arterial compliance | 0.71±0.29 | 0.83±0.33 | 0.43±0.10 | <0.001 |
Zva (mm Hg/ml · m2) | 4.13±1.35 | 3.50±0.80 | 5.91±0.92 | NA |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.73±1.02 | 5.70±1.03 | 5.86±0.96 | 0.024 |
Serum creatinine (mmol/L) | 93±16 | 93±15 | 95±17 | 0.283 |
Doppler Stroke volume (ml) | 85±25 | 91±24 | 58±10 | <0.001 |
LV end-diastolic volume, by biplane Simpson (ml) | 76±25 | 76±25 | 79±25 | 0.125 |
LV end-systolic volume, by biplane Simpson (ml) | 43±22 | 42±22 | 47±24 | 0.022 |
Cardiac output by Doppler(L/min) | 5.5±1.8 | 5.9±1.7 | 3.9±1.0 | 0.757 |
Cardiac index (L/min/m2) | 2.9±0.9 | 3.1±09 | 2.1±0.5 | 0.629 |