Table 2 Study characteristics
Author, Year (Reference) | Study design | CAD (N) | No CAD (N) | Segments studied | Type of tissue doppler | Machine used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bolognesi, 2001[12] | Prospective controlled study | Stable effort angina without previous MI and with normal EF, CAD confirmed with angiography(16) | Negative noninvasive coronary stress tests and normal electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings in volunteers undergoing cardiac catheterization (6) | Apical four chamber view: septal and anterolateral | Not reported | Toshiba 380, Rome, Italy |
Apical two chamber view: anterior and inferior | ||||||
Bruch, 1999[13] | Prospective controlled study | CAD on angiogram (>70% LAD), no previous MI or cardiac surgery and no echo evidence of regional or global wall motion abnormalities (17) | Normal resting electrocardiogram and a normal regional and global systolic left ventricular function on echocardiogram (20) | Apical four chamber view: midseptal and midlateral | Color-coded pulsed-wave | Toshiba 380, Rome, Italy |
Dounis, 2006[14] | Prospective controlled study | 1-2 vessel disease, confirmed by angiogram, normal EF and sinus rhythm (17) | No CAD confirmed by either angiogram or stress testing, normal EF and sinus rhythm(14) | Apical four-, two- and three-chamber views: septal, anteroseptal, anterior, lateral, posterior and inferior | Spectral pulsed-wave | System V, GE Milwaukee, USA |
Hoffmann, 2010[15] | Prospective controlled study | Significant one, two or three vessel disease included. (47) | Suspected angina pectoris and non significant stenosis on angiogram. (35) | Septal, lateral, inferior, anterior, posterior, and anteroseptal | Color-coded pulsed-wave | Vivid 7, GE Healthcare, Horton, Norway |
Madler, 2003[16] | Prospective controlled study | Significant stenosis (>50%) on coronary angiography (90) | Chest pain with no significant stenosis (<50%)on coronary angiography (59) | Apical four and two chamber view: basal septal, basal anterior, basal lateral and basal inferior and mid septal, mid anterior, mid lateral and mid inferior | Color-coded pulsed-wave | System V, GE Vingmed, Horten, Norway |
Tsougos, 2008[17] | Prospective controlled study | Stenosis >70% of at least one coronary artery (72) | No significant stenosis on angiography (42) | Apical four-chamber view: septal and lateral | Spectral pulsed-wave | Vivid 3, GE Vingmed Horten, Norway |
Williams, 2005[18] | Prospective controlled study | Angiography confirmed >50% stenosis in at least one major coronary artery branch; chronic stable symptoms and normal resting global/regional LV function assessed by left ventriculography and echocardiography (16) | Normal coronary angiography; negative, maximum, Bruce protocol exercise testing, and low probability of coronary artery disease (12) | American Society of Echocardiography 16 segment model | Color-coded pulsed-wave | System V, GE Vingmed, Horten, Norway |
Zagatina, 2007[19] | Prospective controlled study | Significant stenosis in the LAD on angiography (88) | Normal angiogram (17) | Long and short-axis parasternal views and the four and two-chamber apical views: basal and mid-septum, basal and midlateral, inferior and anterior | Spectral pulsed-wave | Hewlett Pacard Sonos 2000 |