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Table 2 Plasma BNP, lung ultrasound alone or combined with BNP, cardiac findings, and the LCI integrated ultrasound for diagnosis of AHFS

From: Rapid evaluation by lung-cardiac-inferior vena cava (LCI) integrated ultrasound for differentiating heart failure from pulmonary disease as the cause of acute dyspnea in the emergency setting

 

Sensitivity (%)

Specificity (%)

NPV (%)

PPV (%)

Accuracy (%)

BNP ≥100 pg/ml

92.4

35.1

76.4

67.1

68.8

Framingham criteria*

79.2

56.7

65.6

64.6

70.0

Lung ultrasound alone

96.2

54.0

90.9

75.0

78.8

Both Lung ultrasound and BNP (≥100 pg/ml)

88.6

67.6

80.6

79.8

80.0

Reduced EF (LVEF <40%)

26.4

86.5

45.1

73.7

51.1

MR or TR ≥ moderate

92.4

81.0

88.2

87.5

87.7

IVC collapsibility <50%

83.0

81.1

76.9

86.3

82.2

Both preserved EF and MR ≥ moderate

56.7

100.0

61.6

100.0

67.0

Both reduced EF and either MR or TR ≥ moderate

30.1

94.5

48.6

88.9

56.7

Lung-cardiac-inferior vena cava (LCI) integrated ultrasound

94.3

91.9

91.9

94.3

93.3

  1. * Two major or one major and two minor criteria. BNP = brain natriuretic peptide; LCI = lung-cardiac-inferior vena cava; AHFS = acute heart failure syndromes; NPV = negative predictive value; PPV = positive predictive value; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; IVC = inferior vena cava; MR = mitral regurgitation; TR = tricuspid regurgitation.