One, two and three-dimensional ultrasound measurements of carotid atherosclerosis before and after cardiac rehabilitation: preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial

Table 5 Relationship between change in ultrasound measurements and change in risk factors

Change in risk factors	∆IMT (mm)		∆TPA (cm²)		∆TPV (mm³)		∆VWV (mm³)
Change in risk factors	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p
	Group A
	n = 16		n = 18		n = 13		n = 12
∆ BMI (kg/m²)	0.48	0.45	0.27	1.00	0.21	0.99	0.16	1.00
∆ TC (mmol/L)	-0.10	0.71	0.00	1.00	0.33	1.00	0.19	1.00
∆ HDL (mmol/L)	-0.23	1.00	0.13	1.00	0.46	0.81	0.07	1.00
∆ LDL (mmol/L	-0.18	1.00	0.14	1.00	0.21	1.00	0.17	1.00
∆ TG (mmol/L)	0.21	1.00	-0.03	1.00	0.06	0.85	0.28	1.00
∆ SBP (mmHg)	-0.19	1.00	-0.11	1.00	0.28	1.00	-0.04	0.91
∆ DBP (mmHg)	-0.39	0.83	0.06	1.00	-0.44	0.71	-0.12	1.00
	Group B
	n = 19		n = 17		n = 18		n = 16
∆ BMI (kg/m²)	-0.19	1.00	-0.26	1.00	0.02	1.00	-0.17	1.00
∆ TC (mmol/L)	0.23	1.00	-0.11	1.00	-0.21	1.00	-0.30	0.76
∆ HDL (mmol/L)	0.15	1.00	-0.08	1.00	0.02	0.95	-0.31	0.95
∆ LDL (mmol/L	0.25	1.00	-0.23	1.00	-0.30	1.00	-0.35	0.92
∆ TG (mmol/L)	0.14	1.00	0.30	1.00	-0.05	1.00	0.11	0.69
∆ SBP (mmHg)	0.02	0.93	-0.46	0.44	0.05	1.00	0.40	0.74
∆ DBP (mmHg)	0.55	0.11	0.06	0.82	-0.46	0.38	-0.44	0.60

BMI = body mass index; TC = total cholesterol; HDL = high density lipoprotein; LDL = low density lipoprotein; TG = triglycerides; SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; IMT = intima-media thickness; TPA = total plaque area; TPV = total plaque volume; VWV = vessel wall volume; ∆, Delta = FU-BL.