Table 1 The spectrum of diagnostic applications of contractility in the stress echo lab
From: Myocardial contractility in the stress echo lab: from pathophysiological toy to clinical tool
Author, year | Stress | Pts (n) | Inclusion criteria | Feasibility | Intra observer variability | Inter observer variability | Results | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CAD diagnosis | ||||||||
Bombardini, JASE 2003 [6] | EX | 50 | Consecutive pts | 100% (by selection) | NA | NA | Biphasic PVR (<2 mmHg/ml/m2) with contractility loss at ischemia | |
Grosu, Eur Heart J 2005 [7] | DOB | 100 | Abnormal LV function | 100% (by selection) | Within 2 SD* | Within 2 SD* | Biphasic PVR (<2 mmHg/ml/m2) with contractility loss at ischemia | |
Bombardini, Eur J Heart Fail 2005 [8] | Pacing | 26 | Permanent PM | 100% (by selection) | NA | NA | Biphasic PVR (<2 mmHg/ml/m2) with contractility loss at ischemia | |
Bombardini, Int J Cardiol 2013 [8] | DIP | 111 | Normal LV function | 100% (by selection) | NA | NA | Negative (<0 mmHg/ml/m2) PVR in positive tests | |
Contractile reserve in DCM | ||||||||
Otasevic, Eur J Heart Fail 2005 [21] | DOB | 24 | Scheduled endomyocardial biopsy | 88% | NA | NA | Flat PVR (< 0.4 mmHg/ml/m2) in increased myocyte diameter | |
Cortigiani, Heart 2009 [19] | DOB | 233 | Diabetics with negative stress | 100% (by selection) | 8% | 11% | Peak ESPVR < 28 mmHg/ml/m2 as events predictor | |
Ciampi, JASE 2010 [22] | DOB | 37 | CHF center | 89% | Within 2 SD* | Within 2 SD* | Flat PVR (< 0.5 mmHg/ml/m2) in NYHA > II with increased BNP | |
Bombardini, Biomed Res Int 2013 [25] | EX | 18 | Polycentric | 96% | Within 2 | Within 2 | Flat-negative | |
DIP | 146 | study | SD* | SD* | PVR (< 0.5 mmHg/ml/m2) in NYHA > II | |||
DOB | 58 | |||||||
Contractile reserve in ischemic DC | ||||||||
Bombardini, Biomed Res Int 2013 [25] | EX | 36 | Polycentric study | 96% | Within 2 SD* | Within 2 SD* | Positive correlation (R = 0.56, p = 0.000) with oxygen consumption | |
Bombardini, CU 2007 [27] | EX | 52 | Comparisons with wearable contractility sensor | NA | NA | Post exercise contractility overshoot in abnormal flat PVR | ||
Contractile reserve in MR | ||||||||
Agricola, Am J Cardiol 2005 [18] | EX | 63 | Normal LV function in severe MR | 100% | 5% | 4% | Blunted PVR (< 2.1 mmHg/ml/m2) in stress induced pulmonary hypertension | |
Contractile reserve in diabetes | ||||||||
Jellis, Circ CI 2010 [28] | EX | 167 | Apparently healthy type 2 diabetics | 100% by selection | NA | NA | PVR ≤ 12 mmHg/ml/m2 in subclinical myocardial disease | |
Contractile reserve in potential heart donors | ||||||||
Leone, IJHLT 2009 [26] | DIP | 18 | Older donor hearts | 100% | NA | NA | CAD / myocardial disease of non transplanted hearts with abnormal negative (< 0 mmHg/ml/m2) PVR | |
Bombardini, JASE 2011 [17] | DIP | 39 | Older donor hearts | 100% | NA | NA | Normal coronary arteries and post-TX LV function in 19 hearts with up-sloping (> 0 mmHg/ml/m2) PVR | |
Bombardini, CU 2103 [29] | DIP | 6 | Stunned donor hearts | 100% | NA | NA | TX of hearts with viability response and positive (> 0 mmHg/ml/m2) PVR |