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Table 2 Echocardiographic data of the study sample

From: Evaluation of left atrial deformation to predict left atrial stasis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation – a pilot-study

 

Overall

Group 1

Group 2

P

 

(n = 82)

(n = 16)

(n = 66)

  

LAAT or sludge

No changes

Standard transthoracic echocardiogram data

Indexed LA volume (mL/m2)

47.0 ± 13.1

52.3 ± 13.2

45.8 ± 12.9

0.072

LVEF (%)

51.2 ± 12.7

49.3 ± 15.6

51.7 ± 12.0

0.734

Indexed LA volume / LVEF (mL/m2/%)

1.01 ± 0.55

1.24 ± 0.74

0.96 ± 0.49

0.153

Mitral regurgitation II/IV

18.3% (15)

12.5% (2)

19.7% (13)

0.504

E (cm/s)

97.8 ± 22.7

99.8 ± 20.0

97.2 ± 23.5

0.695

E’ (cm/s)

11.4 ± 2.4

11.6 ± 2.5

10.5 ± 1.9

0.113

E/E’ ratio

9.0 ± 3.2

9.8 ± 2.6

8.8 ± 3.3

0.268

Speckle tracking derived parameters

Av. peak positive LA strain (%)

11.6 ± 5.2

10.9 ± 3.5

11.8 ± 5.5

0.433

Av. peak negative LA strain (%)

-4.0 ± 2.2

-3.5 ± 2.4

-4.1 ± 2.1

0.122

Av. peak-to-peak LA strain (%)

15.5 ± 5.0

14.4 ± 3.6

15.8 ± 5.3

0.312

Av. peak positive LA strain rate (s-1)

1.20 ± 0.32

1.00 ± 0.27

1.25 ± 0.32

0.003

Av. peak negative LA strain rate (s-1)

-1.37 ± 0.42

-1.07 ± 0.22

-1.45 ± 0.42

<0.001

Av. peak-to-peak LA strain rate (s-1)

2.6 ± 0.7

2.1 ± 0.4

2.7 ± 0.7

<0.001

SD time-to-peak positive LA strain (ms)

97.2 ± 47.1

110.4 ± 37.4

94.0 ± 48.9

0.097

LV global longitudinal systolic strain (%)

-12.6 ± 5.2

-12.3 ± 2.9

-12.6 ± 5.6

0.853

LV global longitudinal systolic strain rate (s-1)

-0.84 ± 0.22

-0.82 ± 0.17

-0.85 ± 0.23

0.617

Transesophageal echocardiogram data

LAA maximum emptying flow velocity (cm/s)

26.8 ± 11.9

16.3 ± 4.2

29.2 ± 11.8

<0.001

LAA maximum filling flow velocity (cm/s)

33.8 ± 14.2

23.2 ± 8.4

36.2 ± 14.2

0.001

Dense spontaneous auto-contrast (≥ III/IV)

32.9% (27)

100% (16)

16.7% (11)

<0.001

  1. Legend: LAAT – left atrial appendage thrombus; LA – left atrial; LV – left ventricle; LVEF – left ventricle ejection fraction; LAA – left atrial appendage; E – early diastolic filling velocity; E’ - early diastolic tissue velocity in the lateral mitral annulus; Av. – average; SD – standard deviation.