Diverse geometric changes related to dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction without overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Jung-Joon Cha; Hyemoon Chung; Young Won Yoon; Ji Hyun Yoon; Jong-Youn Kim; Pil-Ki Min; Byoung-Kwon Lee; Bum-Kee Hong; Se-Joong Rim; Hyuck Moon Kwon; Eui-Young Choi

doi:10.1186/1476-7120-12-23

Table 1 Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics according to the presence of latent obstruction

From: Diverse geometric changes related to dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction without overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

	Control	Total	Resting DLVOTO	Latent DLVOTO	^§P
	(n = 30)	(n = 168)	(n = 33)	(n = 135)	^§P
Age, yrs	70.5 ± 1.7	71.0 ± 10.9	68.5 ± 10.4	71.7 ± 11.0	0.134
Women, n (%)	17 (57)	98 (58)	19 (58)	79 (59)	0.922
Hypertension, n (%)	14 (47)	136 (81)	25 (76)	111 (82)	0.397
Diabetes, n (%)	5 (17)	54 (32)	7 (21)	47 (35)	0.134
SBP, mmHg	136.3 ± 14.6	129.0 ± 20.7*	122.9 ± 17.6	130.3 ± 21.2	0.095
DBP, mmHg	78.8 ± 7.5	71.2 ± 11.8†	71.4 ± 13.4	71.2 ± 11.5	0.948
LVEDD, mm	42.8 ± 3.4	39.3 ± 4.6†	39.1 ± 5.3	39.3 ± 4.4	0.785
LVESD, mm	28.1 ± 3.0	25.0 ± 3.3†	24.7 ± 3.8	25.0 ± 3.2	0.635
LVEDD/BSA, mm/m²	26.7 ± 2.9	24.1 ± 3.1†	23.6 ± 3.5	24.2 ± 3.0	0.303
LVESD/BSA, mm/m²	17.5 ± 2.5	15.3 ± 2.1†	14.9 ± 2.5	15.4 ± 2.0	0.255
LV ejection fraction, %	66.5 ± 6.1	69.0 ± 5.7*	69.5 ± 5.9	68.9 ± 5.6	0.558
LV mass index, g/m²	85.7 ± 15.7	89.0 ± 25.9	94.0 ± 31.2	87.7 ± 24.4	0.290
BST, mm	1.30 ± 0.16	1.72 ± 0.26†	1.76 ± 0.24	1.72 ± 0.26	0.372
PWTd, mm	9.67 ± 1.24	10.62 ± 1.70*	11.09 ± 1.76	10.51 ± 1.67	0.077
PWTs, mm	13.43 ± 1.72	14.37 ± 1.86*	14.82 ± 2.13	14.26 ± 1.78	0.123
IVTd, mm	10.07 ± 1.44	11.46 ± 1.96†	11.97 ± 2.20	11.34 ± 1.88	0.096
IVTs, mm	13.43 ± 1.72	15.02 ± 2.20†	15.33 ± 2.16	14.95 ± 2.21	0.369
Relative wall thickness	0.45 ± 0.07	0.55 ± 0.10†	0.58 ± 0.11	0.54 ± 0.10	0.084
E/A ratio	0.79 ± 0.13	0.69 ± 0.37	0.72 ± 0.32	0.68 ± 0.38	0.615
E/e’	10.1 ± 3.2	13.9 ± 5.1†	15.8 ± 7.1	13.6 ± 4.5	0.123
S’, cm/s	9.5 ± 1.3	8.4 ± 2.2	9.5 ± 3.3	8.1 ± 2.0	0.048
LA volume index, ml/m²	21.7 ± 5.3	25.6 ± 10.9*	27.5 ± 18.6	25.1 ± 8.0	0.480
LVESWS, g/cm²	57.1 ± 12.4	49.8 ± 13.0*	57.8 ± 16.9	48.0 ± 11.4	0.007
Any diuretics, n (%)	4 (13)	56 (33)*	12 (36)	44 (33)	0.680
CCB- dihydropyridine, n (%)	2 (7)	80 (48)†	17 (52)	63 (47)	0.398
CCBs-non-dihydropyrine, n (%)	0 (0)	7 (4)†	0 (0)	7 (4)
Any BBs, n (%)	2 (7)	44 (26)*	7 (21)	37 (27)	0.468
Angle at end-diastole, °	145.6 ± 11.4	152.4 ± 12.3*	151.8 ± 11.9	152.5 ± 12.5	0.767
Angle at end-systole, °	154.8 ± 11.6	162.2 ± 11.8*	162.1 ± 11.2	162.3 ± 12.0	0.933
Δ PG, mmHg		29.5 ± 17.5	29.1 ± 29.1	29.6 ± 15.3	0.946
PASP, mmHg	24.1 ± 5.3	28.8 ± 7.9*	32.2 ± 8.3	28.0 ± 7.6	0.007

*p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, ^§resting DLVOTO vs. latent DLVOTO, SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LV, left ventricular; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension; BSA, body surface area; BST, basal septal thickness; PWTd, end-diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LA, left atrial; LVESWS, left ventricular end-systolic wall stress; CCB, calcium channel blocker; BB, beta blocker; PG, pressure gradient.

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