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Table 1 Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics according to the presence of latent obstruction

From: Diverse geometric changes related to dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction without overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

 

Control

Total

Resting DLVOTO

Latent DLVOTO

§P

(n = 30)

(n = 168)

(n = 33)

(n = 135)

Age, yrs

70.5 ± 1.7

71.0 ± 10.9

68.5 ± 10.4

71.7 ± 11.0

0.134

Women, n (%)

17 (57)

98 (58)

19 (58)

79 (59)

0.922

Hypertension, n (%)

14 (47)

136 (81)

25 (76)

111 (82)

0.397

Diabetes, n (%)

5 (17)

54 (32)

7 (21)

47 (35)

0.134

SBP, mmHg

136.3 ± 14.6

129.0 ± 20.7*

122.9 ± 17.6

130.3 ± 21.2

0.095

DBP, mmHg

78.8 ± 7.5

71.2 ± 11.8†

71.4 ± 13.4

71.2 ± 11.5

0.948

LVEDD, mm

42.8 ± 3.4

39.3 ± 4.6†

39.1 ± 5.3

39.3 ± 4.4

0.785

LVESD, mm

28.1 ± 3.0

25.0 ± 3.3†

24.7 ± 3.8

25.0 ± 3.2

0.635

LVEDD/BSA, mm/m2

26.7 ± 2.9

24.1 ± 3.1†

23.6 ± 3.5

24.2 ± 3.0

0.303

LVESD/BSA, mm/m2

17.5 ± 2.5

15.3 ± 2.1†

14.9 ± 2.5

15.4 ± 2.0

0.255

LV ejection fraction, %

66.5 ± 6.1

69.0 ± 5.7*

69.5 ± 5.9

68.9 ± 5.6

0.558

LV mass index, g/m2

85.7 ± 15.7

89.0 ± 25.9

94.0 ± 31.2

87.7 ± 24.4

0.290

BST, mm

1.30 ± 0.16

1.72 ± 0.26†

1.76 ± 0.24

1.72 ± 0.26

0.372

PWTd, mm

9.67 ± 1.24

10.62 ± 1.70*

11.09 ± 1.76

10.51 ± 1.67

0.077

PWTs, mm

13.43 ± 1.72

14.37 ± 1.86*

14.82 ± 2.13

14.26 ± 1.78

0.123

IVTd, mm

10.07 ± 1.44

11.46 ± 1.96†

11.97 ± 2.20

11.34 ± 1.88

0.096

IVTs, mm

13.43 ± 1.72

15.02 ± 2.20†

15.33 ± 2.16

14.95 ± 2.21

0.369

Relative wall thickness

0.45 ± 0.07

0.55 ± 0.10†

0.58 ± 0.11

0.54 ± 0.10

0.084

E/A ratio

0.79 ± 0.13

0.69 ± 0.37

0.72 ± 0.32

0.68 ± 0.38

0.615

E/e’

10.1 ± 3.2

13.9 ± 5.1†

15.8 ± 7.1

13.6 ± 4.5

0.123

S’, cm/s

9.5 ± 1.3

8.4 ± 2.2

9.5 ± 3.3

8.1 ± 2.0

0.048

LA volume index, ml/m2

21.7 ± 5.3

25.6 ± 10.9*

27.5 ± 18.6

25.1 ± 8.0

0.480

LVESWS, g/cm2

57.1 ± 12.4

49.8 ± 13.0*

57.8 ± 16.9

48.0 ± 11.4

0.007

Any diuretics, n (%)

4 (13)

56 (33)*

12 (36)

44 (33)

0.680

CCB- dihydropyridine, n (%)

2 (7)

80 (48)†

17 (52)

63 (47)

0.398

CCBs-non-dihydropyrine, n (%)

0 (0)

7 (4)†

0 (0)

7 (4)

 

Any BBs, n (%)

2 (7)

44 (26)*

7 (21)

37 (27)

0.468

Angle at end-diastole, °

145.6 ± 11.4

152.4 ± 12.3*

151.8 ± 11.9

152.5 ± 12.5

0.767

Angle at end-systole, °

154.8 ± 11.6

162.2 ± 11.8*

162.1 ± 11.2

162.3 ± 12.0

0.933

Δ PG, mmHg

 

29.5 ± 17.5

29.1 ± 29.1

29.6 ± 15.3

0.946

PASP, mmHg

24.1 ± 5.3

28.8 ± 7.9*

32.2 ± 8.3

28.0 ± 7.6

0.007

  1. *p < 0.05, †p < 0.01, §resting DLVOTO vs. latent DLVOTO, SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LV, left ventricular; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension; BSA, body surface area; BST, basal septal thickness; PWTd, end-diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness; LA, left atrial; LVESWS, left ventricular end-systolic wall stress; CCB, calcium channel blocker; BB, beta blocker; PG, pressure gradient.
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Cardiovascular Ultrasound

ISSN: 1476-7120

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