Which method of left atrium size quantification is the most accurate to recognize thromboembolic risk in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation?

Table 4 Multivariate analysis including LA measurements and CHADS ₂ /CHA ₂ DS ₂ -VASc parameters for prediction of TEE surrogate markers of stroke

TEE markers of stroke	Independent predictors	OR	CI_95%	p
LA measurements + CHADS ₂ parameters
LAA thrombus	• Indexed LA 2P Area-Length Volume	1.026	1.009 - 1.043	0.003
	• Previous stroke/TIA	4.080	1.647 – 10.102	0.002
LAA LFV	• Indexed LA Area 4C	1.174	1.083 – 1.272	<0.001
Dense SEC	• Indexed LA Area 4C	1.090	1.018 – 1.167	0.01
LA ABN	• Indexed LA Area 4C	1.114	1.037 – 1.196	0.003
	• Congestive heart failure	2.022	1.109 – 3.690	0.02
LA measurements + CHA ₂ DS ₂ -VASc parameters
LAA thrombus	• Indexed LA 2P Area-Length Volume	1.028	1.010 – 1.046	0.002
	• Previous stroke/TIA	4.071	1.568 – 10.569	0.004
LAA LFV	• Indexed LA Area 4C	1.186	1.089 – 1.291	<0.001
Dense SEC	• Previous stroke/TIA	2.675	1.158 – 6.180	0.02
	• Congestive heart failure	2.308	1.180 – 4.514	0.02
LA ABN	• Indexed LA Area 4C	1.106	1.029 – 1.190	0.006
LA ABN	• Congestive heart failure	2.097	1.126 – 3.907	0.02

Legend: CI - confidence interval; LA – left atrial; LAA – left atrial appendage; LA ABN – left atrial abnormality; LFV – low flow velocities; OR – odds ratio; p – significance level; SEC – spontaneous echocardiographic contrast; TEE – transesophageal echocardiography; TIA – transient ischemic attack; vel – velocities; 4C – 4-chamber; 2P – biplane.

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