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Table 5 Published reference data of right ventricular function by pulsed Doppler velocities and time-intervals

From: Reference intervals for the echocardiographic measurements of the right heart in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Measurement

Ayabakan[15]

Cantenotti[59]

Cui[16]

Eidem[36]

Eidem[18]

Frommelt[19]

Hershenson[60]

Innelli[22]

Ishii[8]

Kapusta[47]

Moiduddin[13]

Mori[50]

Roberson[53]

Sarnari[32]

Shedeed[40]

Singh[41]

Stines[54]

Yasuoka[34]

Zhendong[58]

Tricuspid systolic annular acceleration

     

x

             

Tricuspid deceleration time

     

x

             

RV myocardial performance index

 

x

 

x

x

   

x

   

x

      

Tricuspid E velocity

 

x

  

x

 

x

x

 

x

 

x

  

x

  

x

x

Tricuspid A velocity

 

x

  

x

 

x

x

 

x

 

x

  

x

 

x

x

x

E: A ratio

 

x

  

x

  

x

x

x

    

x

 

x

x

x

A: E ratio

           

x

       

E and A VTI

               

x

x

  

A VTI

                

x

  

E flow velocity integral

                 

x

 

A flow velocity integral

                 

x

 

Tricuspid inflow area

                 

x

 

% Atrial fraction

                

x

  

Presence of TR

        

x

          

RV outflow velocity

       

x

          

x

RV VTI

               

x

   

Peak tricuspid velocity

         

x

        

x

Late diastolic velocity and VTI

x

                  

Peak systolic flow and VTI

x

                  

Peak diastolic flow and VTI

x

                  

Peak reverse atrial flow - R wave on ECG

x

                  

R wave on ECG – peak diastolic flow

x

                  

Peak diastolic flow - peak reverse atrial flow

x

                  

RV isovolumic times

   

x

    

x

 

x

 

x

      

RV systolic duration

             

x

     

RV diastolic duration

             

x

     

RV systolic duration: RV diastolic duration

             

x

     
  1. RV, right ventricle; E, early diastole/diastolic; A, late diastole/diastolic; VTI, velocity time integral; %, percentage; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; ECG, electrocardiograph.