Table 1 Classification of mitral regurgitation by mechanism and acuity
From: Echocardiographic assessment of ischemic mitral regurgitation
Primary (“Organic”) | Secondary (“Functional”) | |
|---|---|---|
Acute | Papillary muscle ischemia | Acute ischemic LV dilatation |
Ruptured papillary muscle (trauma, infarction) | ||
Flail mitral valve leaflet | ||
Ruptured chordae tendinae | ||
Endocarditis (leaflet perforation) | ||
Chronic | Flail mitral valve leaflet | Chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation (CIMR) |
Mitral valve prolapse | Non-ischemic LV dilatation (failure of leaflets to coapt) | |
Ruptured chordae tendinae | Non-ischemic LV systolic dysfunction | |
Degeneration (myxomatous, endocarditis, calcification) | Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | |
Rheumatic | Right ventricular pacing | |
Congenital | Aortic insufficiency [1] |