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Table 5 Ranges of selected quantitative differences measured between symmetric versus asymmetric CIMR in humans

From: Echocardiographic assessment of ischemic mitral regurgitation

 

Normal/No MR

Symmetric CIMR

Asymmetric CIMR

Tethering Angles

   

α

25°

25°-45°

25°-45°

β

36°

30°-45°

40°-60°

Ratio (β:α)

1.4

1.2-1.9

1.6-3.0

Tenting

   

Tenting height

 

9.3 mm

7.7 mm

Tenting area

0.6 cm2-0.8 cm2

3.0 cm2-3.2 cm2

4.0 cm2-4.1 cm2

Tenting volume

2.3 mL

4.4 mL-5.5 mL

2.5 mL-4.3 mL

PM Anatomy

   

Posterior displacement: ALPM

1.7 cm

3.3 cm

2.5 cm

Posterior displacement: PMPM

1.6 cm

3.1 cm

3.0 cm

Lateral displacement: ALPM

1.2 cm

2.2 cm

2.0 cm

Lateral displacement: PMPM

1.2 cm

2.0 cm

2.3 cm

Apical displacement: ALPM

2.4 cm

3.0 cm

2.9 cm

Apical displacement: PMPM

2.4 cm-2.5 cm

3.1 cm-3.8 cm

3.0 cm

Interpapillary distance

2.1 cm-2.5 cm

3.5 cm-3.8 cm

3.0 cm

Annulus

   

Height

6-8 cm

8.5 mm

10.3 mm

Area

6.4 cm2

11.1 cm2-12.3 cm2

9.0 cm2-10.8 cm2

Systolic area change

56%

13.9%

30.7%

Left Ventricle

   

Ejection fraction

55-70%

37%-41%

44%-44%

EDV (index)

(35-75 mL/m2)

210 mL-228 mL (115 mL/m2)

184 mL-195 mL (101 mL/m2)

ESV (index)

(12-30 mL/m2)

135 mL-152 mL (69 mL/m2)

102 mL-107 mL (59 mL/m2)

Sphericity Index

0.43

0.58-0.66

0.56-0.56

Wall motion score index

1.0

1.6-2.0

1.2-1.8

  1. Data from: Zeng et al. [12, 22]; Gelsomino et al. [23]; Veronesi et al. [19]; Agricola et al. [7].