From: Echocardiographic assessment of ischemic mitral regurgitation
 | Normal/No MR | Symmetric CIMR | Asymmetric CIMR |
---|---|---|---|
Tethering Angles | Â | Â | Â |
α | 25° | 25°-45° | 25°-45° |
β | 36° | 30°-45° | 40°-60° |
Ratio (β:α) | 1.4 | 1.2-1.9 | 1.6-3.0 |
Tenting | Â | Â | Â |
Tenting height | Â | 9.3Â mm | 7.7Â mm |
Tenting area | 0.6Â cm2-0.8Â cm2 | 3.0Â cm2-3.2Â cm2 | 4.0Â cm2-4.1Â cm2 |
Tenting volume | 2.3Â mL | 4.4Â mL-5.5Â mL | 2.5Â mL-4.3Â mL |
PM Anatomy | Â | Â | Â |
Posterior displacement: ALPM | 1.7Â cm | 3.3Â cm | 2.5Â cm |
Posterior displacement: PMPM | 1.6Â cm | 3.1Â cm | 3.0Â cm |
Lateral displacement: ALPM | 1.2Â cm | 2.2Â cm | 2.0Â cm |
Lateral displacement: PMPM | 1.2Â cm | 2.0Â cm | 2.3Â cm |
Apical displacement: ALPM | 2.4Â cm | 3.0Â cm | 2.9Â cm |
Apical displacement: PMPM | 2.4Â cm-2.5Â cm | 3.1Â cm-3.8Â cm | 3.0Â cm |
Interpapillary distance | 2.1Â cm-2.5Â cm | 3.5Â cm-3.8Â cm | 3.0Â cm |
Annulus | Â | Â | Â |
Height | 6-8Â cm | 8.5Â mm | 10.3Â mm |
Area | 6.4Â cm2 | 11.1Â cm2-12.3Â cm2 | 9.0Â cm2-10.8Â cm2 |
Systolic area change | 56% | 13.9% | 30.7% |
Left Ventricle | Â | Â | Â |
Ejection fraction | 55-70% | 37%-41% | 44%-44% |
EDV (index) | (35-75 mL/m2) | 210Â mL-228Â mL (115Â mL/m2) | 184Â mL-195Â mL (101Â mL/m2) |
ESV (index) | (12-30 mL/m2) | 135Â mL-152Â mL (69Â mL/m2) | 102Â mL-107Â mL (59Â mL/m2) |
Sphericity Index | 0.43 | 0.58-0.66 | 0.56-0.56 |
Wall motion score index | 1.0 | 1.6-2.0 | 1.2-1.8 |