|
• Age (years)
|
72 ± 10
|
83 ± 8*
|
84 ± 9*
|
81 ± 7*
|
|
• Female gender (%)
|
52
|
32
|
49§
|
29*#
|
|
• Hypertension (%)
|
77
|
75
|
69
|
73
|
|
• Diabetes (%)
|
27
|
25
|
20
|
25
|
|
• Atrial fibrillation (%)
|
27
|
39
|
28
|
37
|
|
• NYHA function class (1–4 scale)
|
2.3 ± 0.8
|
2.6 ± 0.6*
|
2.9 ± 0.8*§
|
2.9 ± 0.8*§
|
|
• History of heart failure (%)
|
60
|
73*
|
88*§
|
76*
|
|
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (%)
|
16
|
22
|
39*§
|
25
|
|
• Left bundle branch block (%)
|
8
|
17*
|
20*
|
16*
|
|
• Kidney disease (%)
|
32
|
65*
|
71*
|
71*
|
|
• Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73)
|
73 ± 26
|
54 ± 23*
|
47 ± 26*§
|
48 ± 28*§
|
|
• Haemoglobin (g/dl)
|
11.7 ± 1.8
|
11.9 ± 1.5
|
11.8 ± 1.4
|
11.9 ± 1.6
|
|
• Serum total colesterol (mg/dl)
|
162 ± 45
|
184 ± 47*
|
162 ± 29§
|
159 ± 38*
|
|
• Charlson comorbidity index
|
2.1 ± 1.5
|
3.5 ± 1.7*
|
3.5 ± 1.7*
|
3.7 ± 2.0*
|
|
• Katz score
|
2.8 ± 1.7
|
3.8 ± 1.9*
|
3.8 ± 1.9*
|
4.2 ± 2.2*
|
|
• EUROSCORE
|
16 ± 12
|
28 ± 18*
|
33 ± 18*
|
31 ± 20*
|
|
• LV relative wall thickness
|
0.55 ± 0.11
|
0.55 ± 0.11
|
0.55 ± 0.14
|
0.56 ± 0.13
|
|
• LV mass (gr/m2)
|
209 ± 56
|
217 ± 59
|
541 ± 72*§°
|
207 ± 71#
|
|
• LV end-diastolic diameter (mm)
|
50.7 ± 0.8
|
50.7 ± 0.8
|
52.3 ± 0.9
|
50. ± 0.9
|
|
• LV end-diastolic volume (ml)
|
139 ± 69
|
141 ± 69
|
155 ± 79
|
132 ± 67
|
|
• LV ejection fraction (%)
|
53 ± 11
|
51 ± 12
|
41 ± 11*§°
|
50 ± 10#
|
|
• Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (mmHg)
|
38 ± 11
|
43 ± 14*
|
47 ± 15*§°
|
43 ± 12*
|
|
• Aortic valve area (cm2/m2)
|
0.41 ± 0.10
|
0.35 ± 0.08*°
|
0.34 ± 0.12*°
|
0.42 ± 0.13§#
|
|
• Trans valve area peak gradient (mmHg)
|
79 ± 24
|
86 ± 22*
|
71 ± 27§
|
76 ± 24§
|
|
• Biscuspid aortic valve (%)
|
8
|
1*
|
4
|
6
|
|
• Beta-blockers (%)
|
42
|
28*
|
21*
|
35
|
|
• ACE-inhibitors/ARBs (%)
|
65
|
67
|
37*§°
|
65#
|
|
• Diuretics (%)
|
70
|
83*
|
95*
|
75
|
|
• Statins (%)
|
46
|
53
|
45
|
63
|
|
• Warfarin (%)
|
80
|
60*
|
55*
|
45*
|
