Insights into the pathogenesis of vein graft disease: lessons from intravascular ultrasound

Table 2 Late remodeling in atherosclerotic vein grafts

	Grafts / Patients	Latency (years)	Lumen area		Intimal and medial(plaque) area		External elastic lamina area
			Reference	Stenosis	Reference	Stenosis	Reference	Stenosis
Mendellson et al 1995 [38]	21/19	0.8–16	14.6 ± 7.5	7.1 ± 4.5	5.6 ± 3.4	18.3 ± 7.0	20.2 ± 8.5	25.4 ± 8.2
Nishioha et al 1996 [20]	43/42	3–12	15.7 ± 6.8	5.0 ± 1.5	3.2 ± 1.5	13.7 ± 6.3	18.9 ± 7.0	18.7 ± 7.3
Ge et al 1997 [21]	43/43	1–6					12.6 ± 4.0	19.0 ± 9.7
Hong et al 1999 [22]
Negative remodeling	104/93	1.2–20.7	12.5 ± 4.0	3.6 ± 2.0	5.0 ± 2.4 -	10.9 ± 6.2	17.8 ± 7.9	14.2 ± 8.1
Positive remodeling			11.8 ± 3.5	4.0 ± 1.8	5.1 ± 1.4	15.3 ± 4.7	16.7 ± 4.6	19.4 ± 6.2

Remodeling can be defined as the ratio of the EEL at the site of the stenosis to that of the reference point. Positive remodeling is defined as a stenosis/ reference EEL area ratio >1.1, intermediate remodeling is defined as a ratio 0.9 to 1.1, and negative remodeling as a ratio <0.9.

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