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Table 2 Comparison of CFR using different methods in reference control groups.

From: The non-invasive documentation of coronary microcirculation impairment: role of transthoracic echocardiography

Number of patients

Method

CFR

Reference

17 (HTX)

DI

5.0 ± 0.3*

[11]

26 (HTX)

DI

5.2 ± 1.3*

[12]

18 (young subjects)

PET

4.1 ± 0.9

[13]

22 (elderly subjects)

PET

3.0 ± 0.7

[13]

10

D.TTE

4.5 ± 0.9

[14]

10

PET

4.1 ± 1.0

[15]

10

D.TTE

5.2 ± 1.6

[16]

19

D.TTE

3.7 ± 0.7

[17]

26 (athletes)

D.TTE

5.9 ± 1.0

[17]

  1. * intracoronary papaverine
  2. CFR = coronary flow reserve; DI. = invasive intracoronary Doppler, D.TTE = noninvasive transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, HTX = routine assessment of coronary flow reserve early after heart transplantation