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Table 1 Doppler echocardiographic patterns of current echocardiographic tools in relation to the grading of LV diastolic dysfunction

From: Diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure: diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects

Parameter

Normal pattern

Pattern of abnormal relaxation (Grade I)

Pseudonormal pattern (Grade II)

Restrictive patterns (Grades III-IV)

E/A

>1

<1

1 – 2

≥2

DT (ms)

160 – 210

>220

150 – 200

<150

IVRT (ms)

70 – 90

>95

60 – 95

<60

S/D

1.3 – 1.5

1.6 – 2.0

<1

0.40 – 0.60

AR (m/sec)

0.22 – 0.32

0.21 – 0.28

≥0.35

≥0.25

Em (cm/sec)

>8

<8

<8

<5

Vp (cm/sec)

>55

<45

<45

<35

E/Em

< 8

  

> 16

E/Vp

   

> 2.5

  1. AR = Atrial retrograde velocity, DT = Deceleration time, E/A = Transmitral E/A ratio, E/Em = Transmitral early diastolic velocity to myocardial early diastolic velocity of lateral mitral annulus by Tissue Doppler, Em = myocardial early diastolic velocity by Tissue Doppler at lateral mitral annulus, IVRT = Isovolumic relaxation time, = Systolic velocity to diastolic velocity ratio by pulmonary veins assessment, Vp = Velocity propagation