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Table 3 The relation between levels of LBNP and hemorrhage severity in humans

From: Comparison of tricuspid inflow and superior vena caval Doppler velocities in acute simulated hypovolemia: new non-invasive indices for evaluating right ventricular preload

LBNP

Hemorrhage

10–20 mmHg

Mild

400–550 ml fluid displaced

≈10% of total blood volume

20–40 mmHg

Moderate

500–1,000 ml fluid displaced

≈10–20% of total blood volume

≥40 mmHg

Severe

≥1,000 ml fluid displaced

>20% of total blood volume

  1. Hemorrhage data are from humans and represent approximations and ranges from literature. LBNP=lower body negative pressure.
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Cardiovascular Ultrasound

ISSN: 1476-7120

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