Table 1 Clinical features suggestive of renal artery stenosis

Epigastric or flank bruit (systolic or diastolic)

Accelerated or malignant hypertension

Unilateral small kidney discovered with any clinical study

Severe hypertension in a child or young adult or aged more than 50 years

Sudden development or worsening of hypertension at any age

Hypertension and unexplained impairment of renal function

Sudden worsening of renal function in a hypertensive patient

Hypertension refractory to an appropriate three-drug regimen

Impairment of renal function after treatment with an ACE inhibitor

Hypertension and extensive arterial occlusive disease (peripheral vascular and coronary arterial disease)

ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme

Three signs were found in 11 patients, 4 signs in 10 and ≥5 signs in 13 patients