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Table 6 Clinical implications.

From: Cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric cardiac surgery: the role of transcranial Doppler – a systematic review of the literature

Author [reference]

Journal (Year of Publication)

Type of study and Number of patients

Main findings

Austin E III [25]

Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery

Observational on 250 pediatric patients.

Interventions based on neurophysiologic monitoring (NIRS, TCD, EEG) decrease postoperative neurologic sequelae and reduce hospital lenght of stay.

Andropoulos D [26]

Anesthesia Analgesia (2004)

Literature review and institutional data report

Multimodal neurological monitoring in conjunction with a treatment algorithm may improve neurological outcome.

O'Brien [27]

Anesthesiology (1997)

Observational on 25 children

Microemboli can be detected in the carotid arteries of children during repair of congenital heart disease and are especially prevalent immediately after release of the aortic cross clamp.