Table 4 Clinical studies that investigated the accuracy of the spectral tissue Doppler E/E' for the diagnosis of acute congestive heart failure on admission before tailored therapy.

Dokainish⁹⁷

NYHA II to IV

LVEF < 50%

76

92% – 72%

Average E/E' > 15

Dokainish⁹⁷

NYHA II to IV

LVEF > 50%

46

79% – 93%

Average E/E' > 15

Arques⁹⁸

Acute dyspnea at rest

LVEF > 45%

70

80% – 94.3%

76.7% – 91.4%

Average E/E' > 11.5

Septal E/E' > 13

Arques⁹⁹

Acute dyspnea at rest

LVEF > 50%, BNP 100–400 pg/ml

34

88.2% – 76.5%

76.5% – 88.2%

Average E/E' > 10.1

Septal E/E' > 13

Arques¹⁰⁰

Acute dyspnea at rest, elderly

LVEF > 50%, atrial fibrillation

41

81.8% – 89.5%

Septal E/E' > 13

Arques¹⁰⁴

Acute dyspnea

LVEF > 50%, hypertension

40

77.8% – 100%

Lateral E/E' > 11

Huang¹⁰⁵

Acute dyspnea

LVEF < 50%

-*

70.8% – 100%

Average E/E' > 16

Huang¹⁰⁵

Acute dyspnea

LVEF > 50%

-*

88.9% – 82.9%

Average E/E' > 11