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Figure 4 | Cardiovascular Ultrasound

Figure 4

From: Acute effects of caffeine and cigarette smoking on ventricular long-axis function in healthy subjects

Figure 4

Relative changes in right ventricular long-axis function after caffeine assumption, cigarette smoking, or both. P values are calculated by within-group Student t test for paired data. Sm = peak systolic tricuspid annulus velocity; Em = peak early diastolic tricuspid annulus velocity; Am = peak late diastolic tricuspid annulus velocity; TAPSE = tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.

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Cardiovascular Ultrasound

ISSN: 1476-7120

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