Table 3 Sensor-monitored force-frequency relation in normal and diseased hearts
Clinical status | Force-Frequency Relation (FFR) | Diastolic time-frequency relation | S2-frequency relation |
|---|---|---|---|
Normal | Upsloping FFR | systolic/diastolic time ratio < 1 | Normal upsloping |
| Â | Normal recovery | Normal recovery | Recovery undershoot |
Acute ischemia | Acute biphasic FFR | Acute systolic/diastolic time ratio > 1 | Acute S2 blunting |
| Â | Recovery overshoot | Recovery overshoot | Recovery overshoot |
CHF worsening ↓ | 1- Blunted FFR slope |  |  |
↓↓ | 2- From upsloping to biphasic FFR | Systolic/diastolic time ratio > 1 at lower HR | S2 blunting |
↓↓↓ | 3- Lower critical HR in biphasic FFR |  |  |
| Â | - Recovery overshoot | Recovery overshoot | Â |
CHF improving ↑↑↑ | 3- Upsloping FFR |  |  |
↑↑ | 2- From biphasic to upsloping FFR | Systolic/diastolic time ratio > 1 at higher HR | Upsloping S2 |
↑ | 1- Higher critical HR in biphasic FFR |  |  |
| Â | - Normal recovery | Â | Upsloping S2 |
Hypertension/diastolic failure | Blunted FFR | Systolic/diastolic time ratio > 1 at lower HR | Steeper S2 curve |
| Â | Recovery overshoot | Recovery overshoot | Recovery overshoot |
Atrial fibrillation | Preceding and pre-preceding interval FFR dependence | Systolic/diastolic time ratio scattering | S2 scattering |