Table 1 Genotypes of the studied candidate genes
Gene | Polymorphism | Biological function | Genotypes |
|---|---|---|---|
MTHFR | C677T | Reduction in enzyme activity and moderate increase in plasma homocysteine levels | TT |
MMP9 | C1562T | ~2-fold higher promoter activity | TT |
MMP12 | A82G | Different transcriptional activity (upregulation) | AA |
ACE | I/D | I allele is associated with 50% decrease in ACE levels | DD |
PAI-1 | 4G/5G | The 5G variant is associated with less inhibition of the plasminogen activators and, consequently, increased conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and increased activation of MMPs. | 5G/5G |