Table 1 Comparison of respiratory changes in mitral, pulmonary vein, tricuspid, and hepatic vein flow in patients with constrictive pericarditis vs restrictive cardiomyopathy
From: Respiratory maneuvers in echocardiography: a review of clinical applications
| Â | RCM | CP |
Mitral inflow | No respiration variation of mitral inflow E wave velocity, IVRT E/A ratio >2, short DT, diastolic regurgitation | Inspiration: decreased inflow E wave velocity, prolonged IVRT Expiration: opposite changes, short DT, diastolic regurgitation |
Pulmonary vein | Blunted S/D ratio (0.5), prominent and prolonged AR No respiration variation, D wave | S/D ratio = 1, Inspiration: decreased pulmonary vein S and D waves Expiration: opposite changes |
Tricuspid inflow | Mild respiratory variation of tricuspid inflow E wave velocity, E/A ratio >2, TR peak velocity, no significant respiration change Short DT with inspiration, diastolic regurgitation | Inspiration: increased tricuspid inflow E wave velocity, increased TR peak velocity Expiration: opposite changes Short DT, diastolic regurgitation |
Hepatic veins | Blunted S/D ratio, increased inspiratory reversals | Inspiration: minimally increased hepatic veins S and D Expiration: decreased diastolic flow/increased reversals |