Figure 5From: Pre-ejection period by radial artery tonometry supplements echo doppler findings during biventricular pacemaker optimization Effect of Biventricular Pacemaker Optimization on PEP Measured by Echo Doppler. Echo determined PEP in the same patient as in Figure 1 during native AV conduction at an AVD of 300 ms in panel A, baseline AVD of 200 ms in panel B, AVD of 180 ms in panel C and optimal AVD of 160 ms in panel C. Mean PEP was 184 ms in A and 171 ms at baseline AVD of 200 ms during biv pacing in B. AVD of 180 ms in C and optimal AVD of 160 ms in D led to shortening of PEP to 154 ms. Note difficulty in determining QRS onset in panel A.Back to article page