Table 1 Clinical characteristics
| Â | Tolvaptan group | Conventional group | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Number | 26 | 180 | Â |
Age (years) | 75 ± 11 | 74 ± 12 | 0.88 |
Sex (male,%) | 15 (58) | 96 (53) | 0.68 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 ± 4.4 | 23.6 ± 4.4 | 0.77 |
Previous HF hospitalization | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
Etiology of heart failure | |||
Ischemic heart disease | 8 (31) | 68 (38) | 0.87 |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | 5 (19) | 30 (17) | |
Valvular heart disease | 5 (19) | 26 (14) | |
Others | 8 (31) | 56 (31) | |
Comorbid disease | |||
Hypertension | 20 (77) | 136 (76) | 0.88 |
Diabetes mellitus | 14 (54) | 81 (45) | 0.40 |
Dyslipidemia | 10 (38) | 73 (41) | 0.84 |
Atrial fibrillation | 19 (73) | 69 (38) | <0.001 |
Vital sign on admission | |||
Heart rate (bpm) | 79 ± 18 | 96 ± 27 | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 123 ± 27 | 150 ± 38 | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 71 ± 17 | 84 ± 22 | <0.01 |
Blood chemistry on admission | |||
Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 10.3 ± 2.1 | 11.5 ± 2.3 | <0.05 |
BUN (mg/dl) | 48 ± 27 | 28 ± 17 | <0.001 |
Scr (mg/dl) | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 1.5 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 30.7 ± 17.6 | 50.1 ± 27.3 | <0.001 |
eGFR <30Â ml/min/1.73Â m2 (%) | 15 (58) | 47 (26) | <0.005 |
Na (mEq/l) | 137 ± 6 | 139 ± 4 | 0.22 |
K (mEq/l) | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 0.7 | 0.38 |
BNP (pg/ml) | 746 (241–1527) | 845 (465–1693) | 0.23 |
Medication on admission | |||
β-blockers | 18 (69) | 59 (33) | <0.001 |
RAS inhibitors | 20 (77) | 98 (54) | <0.05 |
Loop diuretics | 26 (100) | 92 (51) | <0.001 |
Thiazide diuretics | 8 (26) | 16 (9) | <0.005 |
Aldosterone antagonists | 14 (54) | 32 (18) | <0.05 |
Device therapy | 7 (27) | 28 (16) | 0.15 |