Echocardiographic characteristics of patients with acute heart failure requiring tolvaptan: a retrospective study

Table 2 Echocardiographic data

	Tolvaptan group	Conventional group	p value
Number	26	180
2 dimensional echocardiography
LVEF (%)	45.8 ± 17.7	45.3 ± 17.0	0.84
LVDd (mm)	53.8 ± 10.1	55.4 ± 9.8	0.35
LVDs (mm)	41.4 ± 11.9	42.4 ± 12.0	0.67
LV end-diastolic volume index	93.5 ± 39.2	102.4 ± 38.1	0.21
SWT (mm)	9.8 ± 2.5	10.6 ± 2.9	0.15
PWT (mm)	10.0 ± 2.0	10.4 ± 2.1	0.34
LA diameter (mm)	53.4 ± 9.9	47.1 ± 8.5	<0.001
LA volume index (ml/m2)	96.0 ± 85.0	45.8 ± 25.9	<0.0001
Maximum IVC diameter (mm)	20.7 ± 6.9	18.1 ± 4.2	<0.01
IVC collapsibility index	0.35 ± 0.16	0.46 ± 0.15	<0.001
Doppler echocardiography
Diastolic dysfunction grade
Mild	0	19	0.06
Moderate	1	27
Severe	6	38
E/A	2.1 ± 0.4	1.4 ± 0.8	<0.005
DT (ms)	173 ± 43	178 ± 55	0.23
E/e’	25.2 ± 19.5	22.4 ± 11.5	0.83
Valvular regurgitation
AR severity grade	0.7 ± 1.1	0.7 ± 1.0	0.88
AR jet vena contracta (mm)	1.5 ± 2.4	1.5 ± 2.5	0.88
MR severity grade	1.7 ± 0.8	1.6 ± 1.0	0.47
MR jet vena contracta (mm)	4.5 ± 2.6	4.1 ± 2.8	0.57
TR severity grade	1.1 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 0.6	<0.05
TR jet vena contracta (mm)	5.8 ± 5.1	3.6 ± 3.2	<0.005
TR pressure gradient (mmHg)	40.7 ± 13.0	42.3 ± 16.2	0.63

LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVDd left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, LVDs left ventricular end-systolic dimension, LVEDVi left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, SWT septal wall thickness, PWT posterior wall thickness, LA left atrium, AR aortic regurgitation, MR mitral regurgitation, TR tricuspid regurgitation, max IVC max inferior vena cava, E/A early/atrial transmitral flow velocity, DT deceleration time, E/e’ early transmitral flow velocity/early mitral annular velocity

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