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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

From: Impact of B-type natriuretic peptide level on the risk of left atrial appendage thrombus in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a prospective study

  

LAA Thrombus

All Subjects

Present

Absent

P value

N = 261

N = 17

N = 244

 

Age (years)

65 ± 12

69 ± 10

65 ± 12

0.190

Age ≥ 75 years

56 (21)

5 (29)

51 (21)

0.409

Age ≥ 65 years

150 (58)

13 (76)

137 (56)

0.101

Female

79 (30)

5 (29)

74 (30)

0.937

Hypertension

196 (75)

15 (88)

181 (74)

0.195

Diabetes mellitus

67 (26)

7 (41)

60 (25)

0.130

Congestive heart failure

102 (39)

13 (76)

89 (36)

0.001

History of stroke or TIA

35 (13)

5 (29)

30 (12)

0.045

Vascular disease

53 (20)

5 (29)

48 (20)

0.334

Dyslipidemia

126 (48)

9 (53)

117 (48)

0.691

BMI (Kg/m2)

31.4 ± 8.5

28 ± 5.7

31.7 ± 8.7

0.091

Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.3 ± 1.1

1.9 ± 1.9

1.2 ± 1.0

0.076*

Warfarin

124 (48)

10 (59)

114 (47)

0.334

NOACs

48 (18)

3 (18)

45 (18)

0.935

Antiplatelet

140 (54)

9 (53)

131 (54)

0.952

CHADS2 score

1.9 ± 1.3

2.9 ± 1.3

1.8 ± 1.3

0.001*

CHA2DS2-VASc Score

3.0 ± 1.8

4.4 ± 1.6

3.0 ± 1.8

0.001*

AF chronicity

   

0.789

Paroxysmal

67 (26)

5 (29)

62 (25)

 

Persistent

107 (41)

7 (41)

100 (41)

 

Permanent

34 (13)

3 (18)

31 (13)

 

Unknown

53 (20)

2 (12)

51 (21)

 

LVEF (%)

47 ± 17

34 ± 13

48 ± 17

0.002

LVEDV index (mL/m2)

54 ± 29

69 ± 34

53 ± 29

0.054

LV mass index (g/m2)

103 ± 41

113 ± 29

102 ± 41

0.311

LA volume index (mL/m2)

33 ± 16

42 ± 18

33 ± 16

0.035

Degree of SEC (scale 0–4)

0.6 ± 1.1

3.0 ± 1.1

0.4 ± 0.9

<0.001*

SEC present

85 (33)

17 (100)

68 (28)

<0.001

LAA emptying velocity (cm/s)

42 ± 22

25 ± 11

44 ± 22

0.001

BNP (pg/mL)

409 ± 554

775 ± 678

384 ± 537

0.001*

  1. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
  2. TIA transient ischemic attack, BMI body mass Index, NOACs novel oral anticoagulants, AF atrial fibrillation, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LV left ventricular, LA left atrial, SEC spontaneous echo contrast, LAA left atrial appendage, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, *Mann–Whitney test