Table 3 Echocardiographic and arterial stiffness parameters across CKD stages

Simpsons biplane EF (%)

63.7 ± 5.5

62.3 ± 4.9

62.5 ± 4.9

0.617

0.838

LVMI (g/m²)

60.5 ± 20

70 ± 19.8

75.6 ± 24.1

0.003^▪

0.085^▪

Concentric remodelling (%)RWT > 0.42

31

52.6

72.3

<0.001^‡▪•

<0.001^‡▪•

E/e’ (average)

6.96 ± 2.25

9.41 ± 3.87

9.92 ± 3.96

<0.001^{‡ ▪}

0.013^{‡ ▪}

TDI S’ - septal (cm/s)

11 ± 2.7

10.6 ± 3.7

9.1 ± 2.3

0.02^▪•

0.03^▪•

LV Twist (°)

18.5 ± 4.4

19.9 ± 5.4

24.6 ± 5.4

<0.001^‡▪•

<0.001^‡▪•

PWV(m/s)

7.7 ± 2

10.3 ± 3.3

12.5 ± 4.2

<0.001^‡▪•

0.001^‡▪•