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Table 4 Comparison of clinical, BNP level, conventional echocardiographic parameters, and longitudinal strain values (LpsS and LpsSR) in different RV segments in two PAH groups: non-worsening and worsening

From: Deformation pattern and predictive value of right ventricular longitudinal strain in children with pulmonary arterial hypertension

Variable

Non-worsening

PAH children (n = 13)

Worsening

PAH children (n = 12)

p

6MWD (m)

416.41 ± 68.72

380.90 ± 104.00

0.341

SpO2 before 6MWT (%)

86.00 ± 11.11

84.30 ± 7.83

0.689

SpO2 after 6MWT (%)

77.41 ± 18.22

74.50 ± 11.53

0.667

WHO Functional class

2.38 ± 0.50

2.50 ± 0.67

0.631

BNP0 level (pg/ml)

30.53 ± 37.03

82.01 ± 74.80

0.039

PAPm (mmHg)

61.53 ± 18.25

64.36 ± 17.13

0.701

TR (mmHg)

91.23 ± 31.74

96.50 ± 14.05

0.602

sRV pressure (mmHg)

98.61 ± 40.41

111.50 ± 14.05

0.297

Pericardial effusion

2/13 (8 %)

5/12 (20 %)

0.200

RV-FAC (%)

41.07 ± 15.10

33.08 ± 9.51

0.131

RV MPI

0.26 (0.24,0.39)

0.35 (0.29,0.59)

0.129

TAPSE (cm)

1.93 ± 0.59

1.64 ± 0.61

0.247

RV S/D ratio

1.24 ± 0.28

1.36 ± 0.39

0.367

Indexed RA area (cm2)

12.63 ± 3.33

15.35 ± 15.70

0.547

Tej (ms)

280.50 ± 31.95

264.98 ± 29.18

0.219

LV-EI

1.31 ± 0.17

1.56 ± 0.26

0.010

S’ (cm/s)

12.83 ± 3.34

10.58 ± 3.50

0.114

LV-EF

71.76 ± 11.07

70.58 ± 8.86

0.771

RV-LpsS (%)

   

RV free wall

−17.38 ± 2.51

−13.66 ± 3.24

0.004

 Basal RV free wall

−12.69 ± 4.64

−12.91 ± 4.01

0.899

 Mid RV free wall

−20.76 ± 4.62

−14.00 ± 3.13

0.0001

 Apical RV free wall

−18.69 ± 4.00

−14.08 ± 4.92

0.017

Apex

−19.15 ± 4.25

−16.25 ± 4.37

0.106

IVS

   

 Apical IVS

−19.69 ± 5.49

−19.00 (−22.00,−13.00)

0.337

 Mid IVS

−18.30 ± 4.76

−16.33 ± 6.63

0.399

 Basal IVS

NA

NA

NA

RV-LpsSR(s −1 )

   

RV free wall

−1.16 ± 0.12

−1.01 ± 0.13

0.008

 Basal RV free wall

−1.00 ± 0.19

−1.00 ± 0.09

0.956

 Mid RV free wall

−1.37 ± 0.27

−1.07 ± 0.29

0.013

 Apical RV free wall

−1.11 ± 0.12

−0.97 ± 0.16

0.090

Apex

−1.15 ± 0.19

−1.04 ± 0.18

0.166

IVS

   

 Apical IVS

−1.21 ± 0.32

−1.20 ± 0.20

0.896

 Mid IVS

−1.17 ± 0.27

−1.05 ± 0.34

0.372

 Basal IVS

NA

NA

NA

  1. Data are presented as means ± SD or median (25th, 75th percentiles) or as numbers (percentages)
  2. BNP brain natriuretic peptide, FAC fractional area change, IVS interventricular septum, LpsS longitudinal peak systolic strain, LpsSR longitudinal peak systolic strain rate, LV-EF left ventricular ejection fraction, LV-EI left ventricular eccentricity index, MPI myocardial performance index, NA no available, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAPm mean pulmonary arterial pressure, RA right atrium, RV right ventricle, S’ tricuspid annular systolic velocity, S/D ratio systolic/diastolic ratio, SpO 2 oxygen saturation, sRV pressure systolic right ventricular pressure, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, Tej pulmonary ejection time, TR tricuspid regurgitation, 6MWD 6-min walk distance