Table 1 Characteristics of the patients studied

Age, y

58 ± 15

65 ± 15*

69 ± 15***

76 ± 9***

71 ± 11***

Male sex, % (n)

43 (21)

93 (42)

47 (23)

57 (17)

55 (18)

Height, cm

173 ± 9

177 ± 9*

171 ± 10

167 ± 7**

171 ± 9

Weight, kg

76 ± 16

82 ± 15

73 ± 14

65 ± 14**

72 ± 15

LVIDd, cm

4.7 ± 0.6

5.6 ± 0.7***

5.2 ± 0.7**

6.8 ± 0.8***

5.0 ± 0.9

BSA, m²

1.9 ± 0.2

2.0 ± 0.2*

1.8 ± 0.2

1.7 ± 0.2***

1.8 ± 0.2

LVIDd/BSA, cm/m²

2.5 ± 0.3

2.9 ± 0.4***

2.8 ± 0.4***

4.0 ± 0.2***

2.7 ± 0.5*

LVEF, %

64 ± 7

30 ± 9***

60 ± 7*

25 ± 12***

53 ± 16***

IVS, cm

0.9 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.2***

1.0 ± 0.2

1.0 ± 0.3

LVPWd, cm

0.9 ± 0.2

0.9 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.2***

1.0 ± 0.1

1.0 ± 0.3

LVM/BSA, g/m²

70 ± 16

102 ± 19***

130 ± 23***

171 ± 42***

103 ± 37**

DDF 0, % (n)

74 (36)

24 (11)

35 (17)

0 (0)

36 (12)

DDF 1, % (n)

22 (11)

51 (23)

39 (19)

47 (14)

24 (8)

DDF 2, % (n)

4 (2)

11 (5)

27 (13)

47 (14)

30 (10)

DDF 3, % (n)

0 (0)

13 (6)

0 (0)

7 (2)

9 (3)

E/A

1.2 ± 0.5

1.2 ± 0.8

1.1 ± 0.5

1.4 ± 1.0

1.5 ± 0.6**

DT, ms

221 ± 57

191 ± 98

236 ± 59

218 ± 66

223 ± 93

LAV, ml/m²

24.5 ± 9.0

33.8 ± 10.5***

39.6 ± 13.7***

45.5 ± 18.2***

46.5 ± 16.5***

E/e’

8.6 ± 3.6

12.3 ± 6.4**

12.4 ± 5.4***

17.0 ± 7.9***

19.3 ± 14.9***

Known IHD, % (n)

18 (9)

69 (31)

4 (2)

17 (5)

21 (7)