Fig. 1

Different 2D echocardiographic methods used in this study to assess RV function. a Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) is determined from an M-mode image through the lateral tricuspid annulus by calculating the amount of longitudinal motion of the tricuspid annulus at peak systole. b RV longitudinal strain is calculated from speckle-tracking of an RV focused apical 4-chamber view. c RV Tei index is calculated as the RV isovolumic time (equal to tricuspid regurgitation duration (TRd) – ejection time (ET)) divided by the ET using the pulsed Doppler method. d RV Fractional Area Change (RV FAC) was calculated as the [(RV end-diastolic area – end-systolic area)/end-diastolic area] × 100