Feasibility of basic transesophageal echocardiography in hemorrhagic shock: potential applications during resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA)

Table 2 Summary of basic TEE findings and overall hemodynamic state during three experimental models (n = 5 animals in each phase)

Model	Timing	Shock Index	Pulmonary Artery Pressure	Mean Arterial Pressure	LV ventricular volume	RV ventricular volume	LV systolic function	RV systolic function	Hemodynamic state
2 h	Pre-bleed	0.63	37/27	93.5 (13.6)	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
2 h	REBOA inflation	1.24*	47*/26	111.7 (29.1)	Hypovolemic	Normal	Increased	Normal	Empty
3 h	Pre-bleed	0.58	35/26	115.3 (13.2)	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
3 h	REBOA inflation	0.96*	38/29	114.3 (14.8)	Hypovolemic	Normal	Increased	Normal	Empty; mild diastolic failure
4 h	Pre-bleed	0.56	33/24	116.6 (31.2)	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
4 h	REBOA inflation	0.91*	38/27	100.3 (20.6)	Hypovolemic	Normal	Increased	Normal	Empty; mild diastolic failure

Basic TEE exams were performed pre-bleed and post-bleed during REBOA inflation. Findings are summarized qualitatively for all animals; hemodynamic findings are described with means and standard deviation. Shock index = heart rate / systolic blood pressure. *P < 0.01

ISSN: 1476-7120