Table 1 The pathophysiological and methodological basis of the IQ-SE protocol
From: The new clinical standard of integrated quadruple stress echocardiography with ABCD protocol
RWMA | B-lines | LVCR | CFVR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ABCD protocol | A, Asynergy | B, B-lines | C, Contractility | D, Doppler |
Target | Epicardial Coronary Stenosis | Lung | Myocardium | LAD stenosis and small vessels |
Variable | Ischemia | Water | Force | Flow reserve |
Echocardiography | 2D | LUS | 2-D | PWD |
Best projection | 4-,3–2 ch | 4-site scan | 4- and 2-ch | Modified 3-ch |
Imaging time | Minutes | Seconds | Seconds | Minutes |
Analysis time | Seconds | Seconds | Seconds | Seconds |
Feasibility | > 90% | Near 100% | > 95% | > 80% |
Evidence | Excellent | Initial | Moderate | Good |
Reading | Qualitative | Semi-quantitative | Quantitative | Quantitative |
Key parameter | WMSI | B-lines score | ESV | Peak velocity |
Abnormal Cut-off | > 1.0 | ≥ 2.0 | < 2.0a | < 2.0 |