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Table 2 Comparisons of 2D and 3D echocardiographic characteristics

From: The value of left ventricular strain–volume loops in predicting response to cardiac resynchronization therapy

Variable

Controls

All Patients

P

Value

Baseline

Follow-up

Baseline versus Follow-up

Responders

Non-responders

P

Responders

Non-Responders

P

P Value

P Value

(n = 20)

(n = 40)

(n = 27)

(n = 13)

Value

(n = 27)

(n = 13)

Value

Responders

Non-responders

2D Echocardiographic Parameters

 Aortic root, mm

30.2 ± 2.7

33.9 ± 4.2

.001

34.4 ± 4.4

32.9 ± 3.7

.329

35.1 ± 5

32.9 ± 3.5

.206

.214

1.000

 LA, mm

34.2 ± 2.9

47.1 ± 10.7

.000

44.7 ± 11.6

51.9 ± 6.6

.054

41.6 ± 5.6

48.9 ± 7.2

.002

.121

.200

 LVEDD, mm

46.3 ± 5.1

68.9 ± 14.4

.000

68.8 ± 7.4

69.2 ± 23.1

.942

64 ± 10.1

75.8 ± 8.6

.002

.000

.392

 LVESD, mm

28.7 ± 3.0

60.2 ± 8.8

.000

58 ± 7.7

64.3 ± 9.6

.042

51.1 ± 11.5

64.8 ± 9.2

.001

.000

.759

 IVS, mm

8.5 ± 1.0

9.0 ± 1.4

.184

9 ± 1.5

8.8 ± 1.4

.685

9.6 ± 1.3

8.6 ± 1.4

.042

.094

.536

 LVPW, mm

9.1 ± 0.8

9.3 ± 1.3

.419

9.3 ± 1.4

9.3 ± 1.3

.880

9.5 ± 1

8.9 ± 1.2

.137

.497

.137

 PASP, mm Hg

30 ± 2.8

43.1 ± 15.8

.000

43.7 ± 14.7

47.1 ± 18.5

.574

32.3 ± 5.7

37.7 ± 9.7

.050

.001

.130

 DT, ms

168.8 ± 26.9

176.2 ± 52.5

.494

173.9 ± 51

160.6 ± 80.8

.619

188.3 ± 45.4

147.2 ± 44.6

.028

.355

.613

 S′ wave, cm/s

11.7 ± 2.2

5.8 ± 1.9

.000

6.1 ± 1.8

5.2 ± 1.9

.201

6.2 ± 1.6

4.5 ± 1.2

.003

.335

.126

3D Echocardiographic Parameters

 LVEDV, mL

59.5 ± 12.9

226.7 ± 95.8

.000

203.5 ± 78.7

271.2 ± 112.5

.045

151.5 ± 72.9

269.3 ± 106.5

.000

.000

.898

 LVESV, mL

22.2 ± 7

179.8 ± 89.4

.000

158.7 ± 77.8

220.3 ± 99.3

.051

103.8 ± 61.7

208.9 ± 84.6

.000

.000

.458

 LVEF, %

62.9 ± 7.9

22.9 ± 9.6

.000

24.4 ± 10.3

20 ± 7.7

.195

34.1 ± 8.5

22.9 ± 7.7

.001

.000

.165

 LV Mass, g

102.4 ± 18.8

239 ± 80.1

.000

229.1 ± 61.3

258 ± 108.3

.317

184.7 ± 61

279.3 ± 117

.003

.000

.049

 GLS, %

− 22.16 ± 4.33

−7.16 ± 3.38

.000

−7.89 ± 3.45

−5.77 ± 2.86

.077

−11.09 ± 2.67

−7.61 ± 3.47

.002

.000

.088

 GCS, %

−30.59 ± 6.8

−8.64 ± 4.42

.000

−9.22 ± 4.98

−7.53 ± 2.97

.291

− 13.41 ± 4.71

− 8.62 ± 3.33

.004

.000

.103

 Twist, °

15.63 ± 8.1

5.48 ± 5.9

.000

5.76 ± 6.94

4.89 ± 2.91

.695

5.64 ± 5.7

2.78 ± 3.53

.123

.942

.103

 Torsion, °/cm

2.16 ± 1.19

0.59 ± 0.64

.000

0.63 ± 0.76

0.51 ± 0.31

.619

0.66 ± 0.68

0.28 ± 0.32

.079

.857

.094

 SDI, %

−25.52 ± 20.9

− 33.44 ± 25.53

.253

−37.33 ± 28.56

−25.99 ± 17.07

.217

−35.48 ± 32.57

−20.95 ± 21.4

.173

.809

.468

Mechanical Dyssynchrony Indices

 TpPS-SD%, %

6.42 ± 2.57

11.73 ± 6.58

.000

11.2 ± 6.22

12.73 ± 7.4

.522

8.9 ± 3.26

10.15 ± 3.83

.317

.030

.320

 Tmsv-SD%, %

5.71 ± 1.3

11.74 ± 6.01

.000

11.95 ± 5.7

11.33 ± 6.82

.775

8.89 ± 3.8

10.04 ± 3.88

.405

.004

.555

  1. DT Deceleration time, IVSd Interventricular septum diastole, LA Left atrial, LVEDD Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVEDV Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction, LVESD Left ventricular end-systolic diameter, LVESV Left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVPWd Left ventricular posterior wall diastole, GCS Global circumferential strain, GLS Global longitudinal strain, PASP Pulmonary artery systolic pressure, PS Principal strain, SDI Strain delay index, Tmsv-SD% Standard deviation of time to minimum systolic volume corrected by R-R interval, TpPS-SD% Standard deviation of time to peak principal strain corrected by R-R interval
  2. Data are expressed as number (percentage) or mean ± SD
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Cardiovascular Ultrasound

ISSN: 1476-7120

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