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Table 2 Resting and peak exercise echocardiographic parameters (Mean/Median and 95% confidence intervals, 95% CI)

From: The assessment of pressure-volume relationship during exercise stress echocardiography predicts left ventricular remodeling and eccentric hypertrophy in patients with chronic heart failure

Variable

Overall population

n = 155

No remodeling

n = 121

Remodeling

n = 34

p-value

Rest

 Heart rate (bpm)

77 [75–79]

77 [75–79]

78 [73–83]

0.60

 Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg)

123[120–126]

125 [121–129]

115 [109–121]

0.02

 Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg)

76 [74–78]

77 [75–79]

72 [68–75]

0.06

 End-diastolic volume (ml)

200 [192–207]

194 [186–203]

221 [203–239]

0.008

 End-systolic volume (ml)

140 [133–147]

134 [126–142]

163 [14.9–1783]

0.001

 Ejection fraction (%)

31 [30–32]

32 [31–33]

26 [24–28]

0.0001

 Cardiac output (l/min)

4.2 [4.0–4.4]

4.2 [4.0–4.4]

4.1 [3.6–4.5]

0.30

 E/e’

13 [12–13]

12 [115–13]

16 [14–18]

0.002

Peak exercise

 Heart rate (bpm)

125 [121–128]

127 [123–129.]

117 [108–125]

0.010

 Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg)

162 [157–167.1]

167 [161–173]

143 [132–153]

0.002

 Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg)

99 [82–116]

102 [81–124]

86 [78–94]

0.40

 End-diastolic volume (ml)

180 [170–189]

170 [161–179]

215 [190–241]

0.0001

 End-systolic volume (ml)

117 [109–124]

108 [100–115]

150 [1479–179]

< 0.0001

 Ejection fraction (%)

36 [35–38]

37 [36–39]

30 [29–33]

< 0.0001

 Cardiac output (l/min)

8.7 [8.2–9.2]

9.1 [8.6–9.6]

7.3 [6.2–8.5]

0.004

 Cardiac power output-to-mass (Watt/100 g)

0.84 [0.78–0.91]

0.91 [0.84–0.98]

0.58 [0.45–0.70]

< 0.0001

 LV Elastance (mmHg/ml/m2)

1.6 [1.5–1.7]

1.7 [1.62–1.87]

1.0 [0.9–1.2]

< 0.0001

  1. Legend: E/e’, ratio of mitral E peak velocity and averaged e’ velocity; LV, left ventricular