Area of the pressure-strain loop during ejection as non-invasive index of left ventricular performance: a population study

Table 2 Arterial and echocardiographic characteristics of 356 participants by sex

Characteristic	Men (n = 197)	Women (n = 159)	P value
Arterial characteristics
AP, mm Hg	10.3 ± 8.00	15.3 ± 9.55	< 0.0001
Central PP, mm Hg	40.3 ± 12.1	44.5 ± 14.3	0.0059
PWV, m/s^a	8.18 ± 1.90	7.94 ± 1.94	0.30
LV end-diastolic dimensions
Internal diameter, cm	5.27 ± 0.40	4.85 ± 0.35	< 0.0001
Septal wall thickness, cm	1.05 ± 0.13	0.92 ± 0.12	< 0.0001
Posterior wall thickness, cm	0.99 ± 0.11	0.88 ± 0.094	< 0.0001
Relative wall thickness	0.39 ± 0.053	0.37 ± 0.043	0.0041
LV mass index, g/m²	101.9 ± 20.8	86.2 ± 15.4	< 0.0001
Echocardiographic volumes
LA volume index, ml/m²	28.0 ± 8.46	26.1 ± 6.70	0.021
LV EDV index, ml/m²	55.9 ± 9.42	46.6. ± 8.12	< 0.0001
LV ESV index, ml/m²	23.0 ± 4.57	18.3 ± 3.83	< 0.0001
LV Stroke volume, ml	66.4 ± 13.6	50.0 ± 11.7	< 0.0001
LV Ejection fraction, %	58.9 ± 4.99	60.7 ± 5.11	0.0010
LV diastolic function
E peak, cm/s	63.1 ± 13.9	69.3 ± 14.9	< 0.0001
A peak, cm/s	55.3 ± 14.1	63.0 ± 15.4	< 0.0001
E/A ratio	1.22 ± 0.44	1.18 ± 0.44	0.33
e’ peak, cm/s	9.97 ± 3.29	10.0 ± 3.15	0.94
a’ peak, cm/s	9.76 ± 2.09	9.31 ± 1.88	0.036
E/e’ ratio	6.76 ± 1.87	7.42 ± 2.32	0.0038
LV strain
Global LS	18.5 ± 1.84	20.3 ± 1.87	< 0.0001
Ejection work density
EWD, Pa	635.8 ± 179.6	782.3 ± 224.7	< 0.0001
EWD / RWT, Pa	1665.2 ± 498.4	2109.1 ± 592.1	< 0.0001

Values are mean (±SD). ^aData on arterial stiffness was available in 157 men and 117 women. AP indicates augmentation pressure, EDV end-diastolic volume, ESV end-systolic volume, EWD ejection work density, LA left atrial, LS longitudinal strain, LV left ventricular, PP pulse pressure, PWV pulse wave velocity

ISSN: 1476-7120