Table 5 Reference limits for left atrium, right chambers and aorta
Variable | Males | Females | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abnormal | Moderately abnormal | Severely abnormal | Abnormal | Moderately abnormal | Severely abnormal | |
Left atrium | ||||||
LA diameter M-mode (mm) | > 46 | > 53 | > 56 | > 41 | > 48 | > 51 |
LA diameter M-mode, BSA (mm/m2) | > 23 | > 25 | > 27 | > 24 | > 26 | > 27 |
LA vertical diameter (mm) | > 61 | > 67 | > 71 | > 56 | > 61 | > 63 |
LA horizontal diameter (mm) | > 48 | > 52 | > 54 | > 46 | > 50 | > 54 |
LA volume (ml) | > 86 | > 108 | > 123 | > 70 | > 90 | > 105 |
LA volume, BSA (ml/m2) | > 42 | > 52 | > 59 | > 40 | > 48 | > 53 |
Right ventricle | ||||||
RV basal diameter (mm) | > 46 | > 47 | > 48 | > 39 | > 42 | > 43 |
RV basal diameter, BSA (mm/m2) | > 23 | (> 23)a | (> 24)a | > 23 | (> 24)a | (> 24)a |
Tricuspid s’ (m/s) | < 9.0 | < 8.0 | < 7.0 | < 9.0 | < 8.0 | < 7.7 |
TAPSE (mm) | < 19 | < 17 | < 15 | < 19 | < 18 | < 17 |
Right atrium | ||||||
RA vertical diameter (mm) | > 57 | > 61 | > 65 | > 51 | > 56 | > 58 |
RA horizontal diameter (mm) | > 50 | (> 50)a | (> 53)a | > 42 | > 45 | > 47 |
RA vertical diameter, BSA (mm/m2) | > 28 | > 30 | > 32 | > 30 | > 31 | > 33 |
RA horizontal diameter, BSA (mm/m2) | > 25 | (> 25)a | (> 26)a | > 25 | > 26 | > 27 |
Aorta | ||||||
Aortic root (mm) | > 40 | > 42 | > 43 | > 34 | > 36 | > 37 |
Aortic root, BSA (mm/m2) | > 19 | > 20 | > 21 | > 20 | > 21 | > 22 |