Fig. 4

Comparisons of left atrial mechanical functional indexes in the four study groups. a Comparisons of PALS in each phase among the four study groups; b Comparisons of PALSR in each phase among the four study groups; c Comparisons of LA strain ratio and strain rate ratio indexes among the four study groups; d Comparisons of TpS-SD% in atrial pump and reservoir phase among the four study groups; e Comparisons of TpSR-SD% in each phase among the four study groups. AF, atrial fibrillation; cond, atrial conduit phase; HTN, hypertension; PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; PALS, peak atrial longitudinal strain; PALSR, peak atrial longitudinal strain rate; pump, atrial booster pump phase; res, atrial reservoir phase; TpS-SD%, the standard deviation of time to peak atrial longitudinal strain corrected by RR interval; TpSR-SD%, the standard deviation of time to peak atrial longitudinal strain rate corrected by RR interval. *P < 0.05 vs. controls; #P < 0.05 vs. isolated HTN group; &P < 0.05 vs. lone AF group